test 3 study guide

Question 1

phonological knowledge

Answer 1

linking letters to sounds

Question 2

orthographic knowledge

Answer 2

quickly identifying words

Question 3

morphological knowledge

Answer 3

identifying prefixes ans suffixes

Question 4

phonemic awareness

Answer 4

helps children recognize that sounds can be put together to form words

Question 5

phonological awareness

Answer 5

awareness of phonological structure/sound structure of words

Question 6

6 critical literacy areas

Answer 6

phonological awareness
spelling
reading comprehension
reading fluency
vocabulary
writing

Question 7

onset

Answer 7

first sound/sounds in a word

Question 8

rime

Answer 8

sounds that follow rime

Question 9

3 types of linguistic knowledge that lead to spelling expertise

Answer 9

phonological knowledge
orthographic knowledge
morphological knowledge

Question 10

acquisition of literacy begins when?

Answer 10

Infancy

Question 11

5 ways sound units can be manipulated

Answer 11

matching
blending
segmenting
substituting
deleting

Question 12

interlanguage

Answer 12

period of time from the time learner uses second language productively to the time the learner reaches competence level of native speaker

Question 13

fossilization

Answer 13

when second language “errors” remain firmly entrenched despite strong proficiency in first language

Question 14

code-switching

Answer 14

alternation between two languages in a single discourse

Question 15

language loss

Answer 15

losing language skills due to not using them

Question 16

transfer

Answer 16

process in which communication behavior from the first language carries over to second language

can occur across all areas of language

Question 17

Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency
CALP

Answer 17

-Context reduced form of communication, using more formal forms of oral and written language
-relies on oral or written linguistic cues for meaning due to no shared reality
-characterized by specialized vocabulary, grammar, and discourse patterns

Question 18

IDEA testing procedures

Answer 18

-tests given in first language/mode of communication
-usage of variety of data collection methods and tools (do not rely on single procedure)
-materials should yield valid and reliable information

Question 19

simultaneous language acquisition

Answer 19

languages acquired simultaneously since infancy

minimal interference occurs

Question 20

sequential language acquisition

Answer 20

one language is learned then a second is learned later in life

results in diversity in rates of acquisition

Question 21

common language spoken in US

Answer 21

Spanish
Arabic
Chinese
Vietnamese
Portuguese
Creole
Russian
Hattian
Hmong
Somali

Question 22

When an Interpreter is used in assessment report….

Answer 22

the form must specify that service of an interpreter was used

Question 23

Children with underlying DLD have these difficulties with language:

Answer 23

-reduced vocabulary
-difficulty learning new words
-reduced lexical diversity in narrative samples
-difficulties with cognitive underpinnings

Question 24

silent period

Answer 24

initial stage of second language acquisition when the person is focusing on comprehension of language, may not be speaking

Question 25

hearing

Answer 25

ability to receive, process, and interpret sounds

Question 26

decibels

Answer 26

sounds of intensity measures loudness (dB)

Question 27

Conductive Hearing Loss

Answer 27

hearing loss due to damage of ear canal, ear drum, or middle ear's bones usually caused by ear infection

Question 28

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Answer 28

hearing loss due to missing/damaged sensory cells in cochlea

Question 29

Mixed Hearing Loss

Answer 29

when bone-conduction thresholds are poorer than 280 dB hearing loss and air conduction thresholds are elevated by another 10 dB or more (air-bone gap present)

Question 30

4 major ways that hearing loss affects children

Answer 30

-delayed receptive and expressive communicative skills -learning problems in academic achievement -social isolation -later vocational choices and success

Question 31

what does the outer ear consist of

Answer 31

ear drum and ear canal

Question 32

What difficulties do children with hearing loss have when they do not receive intervention

Answer 32

poor educational and economic achievement which results in adults who are underemployed and at risk for legal and social problems

Question 33

3 bones in the middle ear

Answer 33

malleus incus stapes

Question 34

5 signs of hearing loss

Answer 34

-asking for repetition -misunderstanding what is being said -speech problems -watches to see other's actions -appears inattentive -fatigued at end of day -withdraws from situations that require careful listening

Question 35

what do babies in utero hear?

Answer 35

low frequency sounds (vowels) of mother's voice they are able to differentiate between mother's voice and another person's voice