Final Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
What are the differences between the three types of binary compounds?
Type 1: Single cation metals ionically bonding with a nonmetal
Type 2: Multi cation metals ionically bonding with a nonmetal (most transition metals)
Type 3: Covalent bonds
What is the difference between and Ion a Cation and an Anion?
An ion is a molecule with a charge
A cation is an ion with a positive charge
An anion is an ion with a negative charge
How to find mass%? (Component of a formula)
Mass of component / Mass of 1 mole of compound
What are the three types of formulas?
Molecular: Actual values for each component
Empirical: Smallest repeating units
Structural: Definition of the bonds
What are the three yield types?
Actual: The true results of a reaction
Theoretical: The results defined by calculations
%: The ratio of actual over theoretical
What is the gas constant used for gas stoichiometry?
R = 0.08206
What is the celcius to kelvin conversion?
K = C + 273.15
What is titration?
Slowly adding a titrant to an analyte to measure the start and end of a chemical reaction
What are the three reaction equations?
Complete molecular: Full balanced equation
Complete ionic: Full equation with aqueous substances broken down
Net Ionic: Full equation without spectator ions
How to determine oxidation number (ON)?
Lone or diatomic atoms have ON=0
Polyatomic ions have ON equal to their charge
A neutral compound has ON = 0
Metals have ON equal to their charge/ group number
Which element in an oxidation reaction is which agent?
Oxidized (reducing agent): Loses electrons // becomes more positive
Reduced (Oxidizing agent): Gains electrons // Becomes more negative
Intermolecular vs intramolecular forces
INTER = Between molecules
INTRA = Within molecules
What are the 4 types of intramolecular forces?
Dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, LDF, Ion-Dipole
Which intramolecular force is the strongest? (rank)
Ion Dipole, H-Bonding, Dipole-Dipole, LDF
What are organic molecules?
Molecules containing only H and C
Which organic molecules are soluable in water?
Polar organic molecules. (more C means less solubility)
What is the real definition of boiling point?
The temperature at which liquid and gas states exist at the same pressure
What is the real definition of melting point?
The temperature at which the solid and liquid states exist at the same pressure
How many curves exist on a phase change diagram?
Three: Solid-gas equilibria, Solid-liquid equilibria, Liquid-gas equilibria
What is a critical point?
Temperature at which gas no longer condenses into liquid
What is a triple point?
The pressure and temperature where solid liquid and gas states are all in equilibrium
What is heat in terms of a thermodynamic system?
Heat is q. It is the change in energy represented by a change in temperature. -q is heat removed. +q is heat added.
What is work in terms of a thermodynamic system?
Work is W. The work done by the system is -W, the work done ON the system is +W
