Final Flashcards
(294 cards)
1
Q
The pouch like lymphatic reservoir of the abdomen is known as the
A
cisterna chyli
2
Q
The amount of solids in the blood is known as
A
hematocrit.
3
Q
The right lymphatic duct empties its contents into the
A
right subclavian vein.
4
Q
The normal life span of a red blood cell is approximately
A
120 days
5
Q
Gas exchange occurs within the body at the
A
alveoli
6
Q
A foreign substance within the body is known as an
A
antigen
7
Q
the space between the lungs Is known as the
A
mediastinum
8
Q
the material found within a red blood cell that allows it to carry gasses is known as
A
hemoglobin
9
Q
the largest lymphoid organ of the body is the
A
spleen
10
Q
the circle of Willis is formed by the
A
internal carotid artery and the basilar artery
11
Q
the pulmonary trunk carries blood to the
A
lungs
12
Q
the pulmonary trunk carries
A
blood to the lungs
13
Q
the middle/muscular layer of an artery or vein is known as the
A
tunica media
14
Q
the heart chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from the body periphery is the
A
right atrium
15
Q
the quadrant of the abdomen where the spleen is located is the
A
LUQ
16
Q
the “clumping” together of antigens and antibodies is known as
A
agglutination
17
Q
fragments of DNA that make an antigen unique are known as
A
marker molecules
18
Q
the liquid portion of blood is known as
A
plasma
19
Q
the muscular layer of the heart is known as the
A
myocardium
20
Q
the concave areas on antibodies that “latch onto” antigens are known as
A
combining sites
21
Q
examples of the body’s nonspecific immunity responses include
A
tears, phagocytes, and mucus secretion.
22
Q
Heart rhythm begins in the
A
SA node.
23
Q
The innermost layer of an artery or vein is known as the
A
tunica intima.
24
Q
The adult human has approximately ??? pints of blood within their body.
A
approximately 12 pints
25
The thoracic duct empties its contents into the
left subclavian vein.
26
The mitral valve is known as the
bicuspid valve.
27
The chambers of the heart that receive blood are known as
atria
28
The chambers of the heart that pump blood away from the heart are known as
ventricles
29
The right atrioventricular valve is also known as the
tricuspid valve.
30
The movement of molecules from high concentration to lesser is known as
diffusion.
31
The clotting cells of the blood are known as
platelets.
32
The lymphatic vessels found within the villi of the small intestines are known as
lacteals.
33
The cells that carry gasses through the circulatory system are known as
red blood cells.
34
The glial cells that form the blood brain barrier are the
astrocytes.
35
The alveoli of the lungs are surrounded by
capillaries
36
The infection fighting cells of the blood are known as
white blood cells
37
The heart chamber that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is the
left atrium
38
The type of muscle that surrounds an artery or vein is known as
smooth muscle
39
Red blood cells are also known as
erythrocytes.
40
The blood cells known as platelets are also known as
thrombocytes
41
The outermost layer of an artery or vein is known as the
tunica externa
42
The heart chamber that pumps oxygenated blood to the body periphery is known as the
left ventricle
43
Blood enzymes that destroy invading cells by boring holes into them known as
complement proteins.
44
The left atrioventricle valve is also known as the
mitral valve.
45
The regulation of heartbeat is controlled by the
medulla oblongata.
46
The heart chamber that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs is the
right ventricle.
47
The innermost layer of the heart is known as the
endocardium.
48
White blood cells are also known as
leukocytes.
49
The outermost layer of the heart is known as the
epicardium
50
The heart chamber with the largest and strongest muscle is the
left ventricle.
51
The milky substance found within lacteals is known as
chyle.
52
Some of the great vessels found in the mediastinum include
vena cava, aorta, pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary veins
53
Function of valves within veins are to
prevent back flow or blood from pooling.
54
Functions of pericardial sac
protect the heart and lubricate the motion of the heart.
55
How lymph is propelled through the lymph vessels
it is moved through the body by muscular contractions.
56
cells moving from the area of highest concentration to the area of lower concentration.
cells moving from the area of highest concentration to the area of lower concentration.
57
Lymph
liquidy substance comprised of white blood cells, fat, and other large cell bodies for body immunity
58
Blood-brain barrier-
a barrier that prevents large unwanted molecules from exiting the blood into the brain ; a “filter”
59
Pulmonary circulation
circulation between heart and lung to accomplish gas exchange.
60
Portal circulation- circulation from the
intestines to the liver.
61
Artery
takes blood away from the heart
62
Heart circulation
body-vena cava-right atrium-tricuspid valve-right ventricle-pulmonary valve- pulmonary artery- lungs- alveolar capillaries- pulmonary vein-left atrium- bicuspid valve- left ventricle- aortic valve- aorta- body.
63
The normal number of lumbar vertebra is
5.
64
The vertebra that articulates with the occipital bone of the skull is
C1
65
The transverse foramen accommodates the passage of the
vertebral artery.
66
The portion of a rib that articulates with the transverse process is the
tubercle.
67
The normal curvature of the lumber spine is
lordosis.
68
The portion of a rib that articulates with the vertebral body is the
head.
69
Ribs numbers 1 through 7 are known as
true ribs.
70
The most inferior portion of the sternum is the
xiphoid.
71
The tough, fibrous, outer shell of the intervertebral disk is known as the
annulus fibrosus.
72
The total number of ribs in the human body is
24.
73
The largest muscle along the lateral aspect of the lumber spine is known as the
psoas.
74
The sternal angle is found at the vertebral level of
T4-T5.
75
The first cervical vertebra is also known as the
atlas.
76
The vertebral arteries combine to form the
basilar artery.
77
The normal number of sacral bodies is
5.
78
The spinal curve that is convex anteriorly is known as
lordosis.
79
The jugular notch is found at
the vertebral level of T2-T3.
80
Lateral curvature of the spine is known as
scoliosis.
81
The dens is also known as the
odontoid process.
82
The normal number of thoracic vertebra is
12.
83
The 2nd cervical vertebra is also known as the
axis.
84
The portion of a vertebra that projects posteriorly from the body of the vertebra is
the pedicle.
85
The odontoid process is part of this vertebra:
C2
86
The vertebra that has no true body is
C1
87
The normal curvature of the sacrum and coccyx is
kyphosis.
88
The most superior portion of the sternum is the
the manubrium.
89
The inferior angle of the scapula is found at the vertebral level of
at the vertebral level of T7.
90
The spinous process of a vertebra is formed by the merger of the
lamina.
91
The space formed by the body and the posterior arch of a vertebra is known as
the vertebral foramen.
92
The vertebral foramen accommodates
the passage of the spinal cord.
93
The easily palpable portion of the 7th cervical vertebra is
is known as the cervica prominens.
94
The total number of vertebra in the skeleton is
33.
95
The xiphoid process is found
at the vertebral level of T9-T10.
96
The number of mobile, unfused vertebra in the skeleton is
24.
97
The iliac crest is found
at the vertebral level of L4-L5
98
The standard number of coccygeal bodies is
4.
99
The inner gelatinous mass of an intervertebral disk is known as the
nucleus pulposus.
100
All of the following terms for spinal joints are synonymous
intervertebral, apophyseal, and facet.
101
A cervical vertebra having two points to its spinous process is known as
bifid.
102
A spinal curve that is concave anteriorly is known as
kyphosis.
103
Ribs number 11 and 12 are known as
floating ribs.
104
The portion of the sternum known as the gladiolus is also known as
the body.
105
Transitional vertebra
a vertebra like C-7 that is differently shaped than the rest of its kind in order to transition to the next section of the spine.
106
5 functions of bone:
protection, production, movement, storage, and support
107
The upper respiratory tract includes
the pharynx, nose, and larynx.
108
The adenoids are also known as
pharyngeal tonsils.
109
The larynx is also known as the
voice box.
110
The most superior portion of a lung is known as the
apex.
111
The area of the lungs where vessels enter and leave is known as the
hilum.
112
The vocal cords are found within the
larynx.
113
The normal life span of a red blood cell is approximately
120 days.
114
The trachea is also known as the
windpipe.
115
The term carina refers to the point of
tracheal bifurcation.
116
The nostrils are known medically as
nares.
117
Gas exchange occurs within the body at the
alveoli.
118
The space between the true vocal cords is known as the
glottis.
119
Voluntary respiration is controlled by the
cerebral cortex
120
the normal respiratory rate is known as
eupnea.
121
Secondary bronchi are also known as
lobar bronchi.
122
The trachea has approximately this many C-ring cartilages
15-20
123
The bones that form the hard palate are the
palatine and maxilla
124
The soft tissue appendage of the soft palate is known as the
uvula
125
Involuntary respiration is controlled by the
medulla oblongata
126
The largest and most inferior of the paranasal sinuses are the
maxillary.
127
The right lung has a total of
3 lobes and 10 segments.
128
The bones that form the nasal septum are the
perpendicular plate of ethmoid.
129
The tonsils found at the base of the tongue are known as
lingual tonsils.
130
The structure that is not part of the pharynx is the
tracheopharynx.
131
the larynx is composed primarily of
cartilage.
132
The most inferior portion of a lung is known as the
costophrenic angle.
133
The length of the adult trachea is
4-5 inches.
134
The pharynx is also known as
the throat.
135
The movement of molecules from high concentration to lesser is known as
diffusion.
136
Tertiary bronchi are also known as
segmental bronchi.
137
The left lung has a total of
2 lobes and 9 segments.
138
The material found in red blood cells that allows the carrying of gasses is
hemoglobin.
139
The vestibular folds are also known as
false vocal cords.
140
The space between the lungs is known as
the mediastinum.
141
Primary bronchi are also known as
main stem bronchi.
142
The most superior of the tonsils are known as the
pharyngeal tonsils.
143
A red blood cell is able to carry gasses due to the fact that it
A red blood cell is able to carry gasses due to the fact that contains hemoglobin.
144
Respiration-
the act of gas exchange between an organism and its environment.
145
Paranasal sinuses-
produce mucous for the respiratory tract, lighten the skull, and resonance spots for sound.
146
Serous fluid-
lubricates the motion of the lungs and also provides the surface tension to hold lungs in place.
147
Turbinate bones-
mix, moisten, filter, and warm the air we breathe.
148
Tonsils-
these are structures to help fight infections and to “catch” bacteria on its way into the body.
149
Eustachian tubes –
equalize the air pressure between the ears and throat.
150
2 gasses primarily exchanged within the lungs
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
151
Air passage
nares, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx, trachea, carina, primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchi, alveoli, gas exchange.
152
The paranasal sinuses that are arranged in a series of air-cells are
the ethmoids.
153
The junction of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures is known as the
lambda.
154
The joint found between the frontal bone and the parietal bones is known as the
coronal suture.
155
The joint found between the two parietal bones is known as
the sagittal suture.
156
The portion of the sphenoid bone that helps to form the base of the skull is
the greater wing.
157
The joint found between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is known as the
squamosal suture.
158
The facial bones that accommodate the tear ducts are the
lacrimal bones.
159
The petrous pyramids are a portion of the
temporal bone.
160
The typical or average human skull has a shape that is known as
mesocephalic.
161
The smooth elevation between the supraciliary arches of the frontal bone is known as the
glabella.
162
The horizontal plane of the ethmoid is also known as the
cribiform plate.
163
The bony process of the mandible that articulates with the temporal bones is known as the
condylar process.
164
The portion of the ehtmoid bone that helps to form the nasal septum is the
perpendicular plate.
165
The cranial bone that contains the foramen magnum is the
occipital bone.
166
Through the holes in the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone pass
olfactory nerves.
167
The superior and middle nasal conchae are portions of the
ethmoid bone.
168
The bony projection at the most superior point of the ethmoid bone is
the Crista galli.
169
The bone that makes up the majority of the lateral aspect of the skull is the
parietal.
170
Bony structures known as pterygoid processes belong to the
sphenoid bone.
171
the bony structure known as the sella turcica belongs to the
sphenoid bone.
172
The posterior portion of the sella turcica is known as
the dorsum sellae
173
The two bones that form the nasal septum are
the vomer and ethmoid.
174
The air filled areas of the ethmoid bone are known as
ethmoid sinuses, air cells, and labyrinths.
175
The external occipital protuberance is also known as the
inion.
176
The portion of the skull that articulates with the vertebral column is the
occipital condyles.
177
The “soft spots” of an infant’s skull are known as
fontanels.
178
The facial bone that is shaped like a plow is
the vomer.
179
The mastoid processes are a portion of the
temporal bones.
180
The temporalis muscle inserts into the mandible at the
coronoid process.
181
The vertical portion of the mandible is known as
the ramus.
182
The cranial landmark located at the articulation of the frontal and nasal bones is known as the
nasion.
183
The most lateral aspect of the eye’s opening is known as the
outer canthus.
184
The angle of the mandible is also known as
the gonion.
185
The paranasal sinus that is directly inferior to the sella turcica is the
sphenoid sinus.
186
The joint found between the temporal bone and the parietal bone is known as the
squamosal suture.
187
The junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures is known as the
bregma.
188
The external acoustic meatus is a portion of the
the temporal bone.
189
The vertical plate of the ethmoid bone is also known as the
perpendicular plate.
190
The organs of hearing and balance are contained within the
temporal bone.
191
The bones of the calvarium are composed of the type of bone known as
flat bone.
192
The smallest of the facial bones are the
lacrimal bones.
193
The type of joint that has no movement is known as
synarthrotic.
194
The largest immovable bones of the face are
the maxillaries.
195
The majority of the hard palate is formed by the
maxillary bones.
196
The smallest portion of the hard palate is formed by the
palatine bones.
197
The two bones that form the hard palate are the .
the maxilla and palatine.
198
The cranial landmark located at the most inferior aspect of the nose is known as
the acanthion.
199
The alveolar process is a portion of the
maxilla
200
The anterior nasal spine (acanthion) is formed by the
maxillary bones.
201
The facial bones that are L shaped are the
palatine bones
202
The mandibular fossa is a portion of the
temporal bone.
203
The bridge of the nose is formed by bones known as
nasal bones.
204
The curved horizontal portion of the mandible is known as
the body.
205
The sinuses that vary the most in size and shape are the
Frontals.
206
The sloped, posterior portion of the sphenoid is known as
The clivus.
207
The anterior triangular prominence of the mandible is known as
The mental protuberance.
208
The largest and most symmetric of the sinuses are the
maxillaries.
209
Contents from the esophagus enter the stomach through the
cardiac sphincter.
210
The thick, muscular folds found within the stomach are known as
rugae.
211
Bile is produced in the body by the
liver.
212
The vermiform portion of the large intestines is known as the
appendix.
213
The right and left hepatic ducts combine to form the
common hepatic duct.
214
The semi-liquid paste of food particles and gastric juice found in the stomach is known
chyme.
215
The “S-shaped” portion of the colon is known as the
sigmoid.
216
The stomach empties to the small bowel through the
pyloric sphincter.
217
The pancreas produces
digestive enzymes, insulin, and alkaline solution.
218
The loops of bowel are connected together by a structure known as the
mesentery.
219
The salivary glands located adjacent to the mandibular angles are the
submandibular glands.
220
The gallbladder produces
nothing.
221
The layer of the alimentary canal that performs peristalsis is known as
the muscularis.
222
Swallowed food passes through the esophagus primarily by the action of
peristalsis.
223
The structure dividing the liver into left and right major lobes is
the falciform ligament.
224
The C-loop of the duodenum is maintained by
the ligament of Treitz.
225
The function of bile is
to emulsify and transport a waste pigment.
226
The cystic duct and the common hepatic duct combine to form the
common bile duct.
227
The salivary glands located along the floor of the mouth and under the tongue are
he sublingual glands.
228
The chewed mass of food to be swallowed is known as
a bolus.
229
The dome shaped superior portion of the stomach is known as
the fundus.
230
The angular portion of the colon found in the RUQ of the abdomen is known as the
hepatic flexure.
231
The most proximal portion of the stomach is the
cecum.
232
The largest portion of the stomach is the
body.
233
The most distal portion of the small intestines
is the ileum.
234
The largest and most superior of the salivary glands are
the parotid glands.
235
The most proximal portion of the small intestine is
the duodenum.
236
The innermost layer of the alimentary canal is known as
the mucosa.
237
The stomach digests food through the action of
chemical and mechanical action.
238
The outermost layer of the alimentary canal is known as
the serosa.
239
The contents form the small bowel enter into the large bowel through the
ileocecal valve.
240
The layer of the alimentary canal that possesses glands, blood vessels, and nerves is known as the
submucosa.
241
The finger like projections of the intestinal wall are known as villi.
villi.
242
Digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution are secreted for digestion by
the pancreas.
243
The rhythmic muscular contractions of the alimentary canal are known as
peristalsis.
244
Wharton’s Duct
carries fluid from the submandibular gland.
245
The vessel found in the villi that absorbs fat and fat soluble nutrients is the
lacteal.
246
The series of pouches along the length of the large intestine are known as
haustra.
247
Digestion-
the breakdown of food from complex to simple.
248
Absorption-
the taking up of a substance such as nutrients through the small bowel walls or water in the colon.
249
Mechanical digestion-
breaks down food by using force such as mastication or the rugae churning in the stomach.
250
Chemical digestion-
breaks down food by using acids or enzymes, saliva and stomach acid.
251
Briefly describe the function of the esophagus-
to move the bolus from mouth to stomach by peristalsis.
252
Functions of the stomach-
to break down food by chemical and mechanical digestion and to turn the bolus into chyme.
253
Small intestine-
breakdown the chyme from complex to simple nutrients and to absorb these nutrients.
254
Large intestine-
absorption of water and elimination of waste.
255
Bile-
to rid the body bilirubin and to emulsify nutrients (let oil and water mix)
256
Saliva-
the enzymes begin carb breakdown and it lubricates the bolus and helps the bolus stick together.
257
The finger like projections of the fallopian tubes are known as
fimbria
258
Gerotas fascia is
a fibrous capsule that surrounds the kidneys
259
The primary female sex glands are the
ovaries
260
The hormone responsible for female sexual characteristics is
estrogen
261
The hormone that prepares a woman for menstruation is
progesterone
262
Lubrication of the male urethra just prior to ejaculation is accomplished by the
bulbourethral glands
263
The function of the kidneys include
removing waste from the blood
264
The maturation of sperm occurs
in the epididymis
265
The hormone responsible for male sexual characteristics is
testosterone
266
The muscular lining of the uterus is the
myometrium
267
The male ejaculatory duct is formed by
the merger of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles
268
The inner mucosal lining of the uterine cavity is known as
endometrium
269
The “tip” of the male penis is known as
the glans penis
270
The functions of the male penis include
conveying urine, passage of semen, and penetration of female.
271
The hormone produced by the developing ovarian follicle
estrogen
272
Structures found within the male scrotum include
testes, epididymis, spermatic cord.
273
The vessel which carries urine away from the kidney is known as
the renal pelvis.
274
The male prepuce is also known as
foreskin
275
Lubrication of the female external genitalia is accomplished by
the bartholin glands
276
The hormone produced by the deteriorating corpus luteum is
progesterone.
277
The amount of urine produced by the kidneys each day is
approximately 1000-2000 ml.
278
The muscles that surround the urinary bladder are known as
detrusor muscles
279
The vessel that brings blood into the glomerulus is known as the
afferent arteriole
280
Within the body the kidneys are found to be
retroperitoneal
281
The surgical sterilization of a man is known as
vasectomy
282
When moving from recumbent to upright the kidneys
will fall about 2 inches.
283
The length of the female urethra is approximately
approximately 1-2 inches
284
The nephrons are found in the area of the kidneys known as the
cortex
285
the male urethra passes through the portion of the penis known as the
corpus spongiosum
286
the cup shaped recesses of the kindeys that collect urine are known as
calyces
287
the normal process of changing breast size and shape because of age or pregnancy is known as
involution
288
zygote-
fertilized egg
289
trigone-
the physical portion of the bladder formed by 3 openings, 2 ureters and 1 urethra
290
acrosome of a male sperm-
has enzymes that can eat through the egg coating so that the sperm can fertilize the egg
291
female ovaries-
produce eggs and release hormones
292
testes-
produce sperm and release testosterone
293
uterus-
grows and develops a baby and eventually expels the baby
294
Effects of enlarged prostate-
pinches the urethra, makes it feel like a man always has to pee
