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SEM II - A&P II > Reproductive/Urinary > Flashcards

Reproductive/Urinary Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Gamete/Germ Cell

A

a cell that fuses with another during fertilization

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2
Q

spermatozoa/sperm

A

“seed”

joins an ovum to form a zygote

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3
Q

Ova/oocyte

A

“egg”

a female germ cell involved in reproduction

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4
Q

Oogenesis

A

the creation of an ovum

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5
Q

Zygote

A

single cell with a complete set of chromosomes that normally develop into an embryo

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6
Q

gonads

A

the organ that makes gametes
testes (male)
ovaries (female)

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7
Q

testes/testicles

A

primary male sex glands, paired, found in the scrotum

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8
Q

scrotum

A

holds testes, epididymis, and a portion of the spermatic cord

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9
Q

testosterone

A

a steroid hormone found in the testicles of males and ovaries of females

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10
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

located in the testes and are the location of meiosis and the subsequent creation of gametes, namely spermatozoa

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11
Q

epididymis

A

oblong structure attached to superior and laterosuperior aspects of testes which is used for storage and maturation of sperm cells

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12
Q

vas deferens

A

16-18” long, extends from the tail of the epididymis to the posteroinferior surface of the urinary bladder

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13
Q

vasectomy

A

surgical procedure for male sterilization and/or permanent birth control

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14
Q

spermatic cord

A

cord like structure in males formed by the vas deferens and surrounding tissue that ins from the deep inguinal ring down to each testicle

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15
Q

spermatogenesis

A

the process in which spermatozoa are produced from male primordial germ cells by way of mitosis and meiosis

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16
Q

acrosome

A

an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa during testicular maturation

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17
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

formed by the union o the vas deferens and duct of seminal vesicle. 1/2” long, originates behind the neck of bladder, enters the base of the prostate, and ejects sperm into urethra before ejaculation

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18
Q

prostate gland

A

accessory genital organ about 1.25” long. encircles proximal portion of urethra, lies anterior to rectal ampulla. Produces fluid to give volume to ejaculate. Alkaline pH to counter acidic vaginal secretions.

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19
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

2” long, situated obliquely on lateroposterior surface of bladder, junction with ampulla of ductus deferens forms ejaculatory duct. Adds fluid volume to ejaculate.

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20
Q

bulbourethral glands/cowpers glands

A

located at the base of the penis, secretes “pre-cum” to lubricate urethra against force of ejaculation, establishes a pH friendly environment for sperm

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21
Q

urethra

A

conveys urine and the passage of semen

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22
Q

ejaculation

A

the ejection of semen from the male reproductory tract

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23
Q

penis

A

conveys urine (urethra), passage of semen (urethra), penetration of female (erectile tissue)

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24
Q

corpus cavernosum

A

spongy tissue of penis that engorges with blood to form an erection

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25
corpus spongiosum
surrounds the urethra, spongy tissue of the penis that engorges with blood to form an erection
26
glans penis
penile tip
27
prepuce/foreskin
fold of skin that covers the head of the penis, functions to protect sensitive glans
28
circumcision
surgical removal of foreskin from the penis
29
ovaries
2 small, glandular, almond shaped orgams that serve as the primary female sex glands located on each side near lateral wall of pelvis. controls menstral cycle/hormone production of estrogen and progesterone
30
ovarian follicles
composed of roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the ovary. Contains a single oocyte, initiated to grow/develop (ovulation/menstrual cycle.
31
graafian follicles
fully developed ovarian follicle
32
corpus luteum
hormone secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun
33
estrogen
produced by ovarian follicles, responsible for female characteristics; "preparation" for pregnancy
34
progesterone
produced by the corpus luteum in preparation for menstraution
35
uterine/fallopian tubes
collect ova released by ovaries and convey it to the uterine cavity, divided into three parts: isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum
36
tubal litigation
aka tubes tied; surgical procedure for sterilization in whih a womans fallopian tubes are clamped or blocked preventing eggs from reaching the uterus for fertilization
37
uterus
female anatomy containing four parts: fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix. receives and retains fertilized ovum until fetal development complete; expels mature fetus during birth
38
myometrium
the middle later of the uterine wall consisting mainly of smooth muscle cells but also of supporting stromal an vascular tissue. main function is to induce uterine contractions
39
endometrium
inner mucosal lining of uterine cavity, builds up and breaks down during a woman's cycle
40
cervix
portion of uterus, cylindric vaginal end of uterus
41
hymen
membrane than surrounds or partially covers the external vaginal opening. forms part of the vulva
42
clitoris
female sex organ, viable button like portion near the front junction of the labia minor, above the opening of the urethra
43
menstrual cycle
cycle of changes that occurs in the uterus and ovary for the purpose of sexual reproduction. essential for production of eggs and preparation of the uterus for pregnancy
44
menarche
a young lades first menstrual cycle usually around age 12 but as young and 8-9
45
amenorrhea
the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age
46
menopause
when a woman's menstrual cycle stops prematurely, no longer allowing pregnancy; usually around age 45-55
47
vagina
a fibromuscular elastic tubular tract (passage) which is a sex organ and mainly functions for the facilitation of sexual intercourse and childbirth
48
vulva
the external genital organs of the female, with more than one component, commonly confused with the vagina which lies deeper within the vulva
49
labia
anatomical structures that are part of the female genitalia the "lips" 2 pair, the major (more external) & minor (inner)
50
perineum
a region in the body including the periveal body and surrounding structures. The "choad" or "taint"
51
Bartholin's glands/greater vestibular glands
2 pea sized glands located slightly posterior to the left/right of the opening of the vagina which secretes mucus to lubricate vagina
52
lactiferous ducts
form a tree branched system connecting the lobules of the mammory gland to the tip of the nipple, responsible for delivering the milk to the surface of the skin
53
areola
circular area of pigmented skin surrounding the nipple
54
follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
hormone released by the pituitary gland, located on the underside of the brain. Regulates the development, growth, pubertal maturation and reproductive process of the body
55
luteinizing hormone (LH)
``` Hormone produced by the gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Triggers ovulation (female) Stimulates production of testosterone (male) ```
56
Hysterectomy
a surgical procedure to remove a womens uterus
57
oopherectomy
surgical removal of an ovary or ovaries. AKA ovariectomy
58
hyterosalpingogram
xray exam that looks inside the uterus and fallopian tubes and the area around them. usually done for women who are having hard time becoming pregnant.
59
ectopic pregnancy
occurs when an embryo implants somewhere other than the uterus, such as one of the fallopian tubes - can be life threatening to the mother.
60
breast involution
the process by which breasts undergo reverse development and become smaller with fewer alveoli
61
nulliparity
condition in a woman of never having given birth

SEM II - A&P II (4 decks)

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