Final Flashcards
(71 cards)
Whigs
National Republicans, formed in opposition to President Jackson’s policies. Favored govt. intervention in nation.
Democrats
Jackson’s party, popular among farmers, urban workers and immigrants. advocated westward expansion, but opposed the national bank
chattel slavery
known as traditional slavery, named this because people were treated like chattel (personal property) of owner.
Slave Power conspiracy
believed political power held by slave owners in the national govt. / there was an argument that these group of white, rich slave owners had seized political control over the treatment of slaves.
pro-slavery argument
some theorists like John C. Calhoun believed slavery made for a more stable society.
paternalism
in exchange for slaves’ labor and obedience, masters provided basic care and necessity-guidance for a childlike dependent people. /attack on capitalism
popular sovereignty
people who settled the territories would decide for themselves slavery’s fate
Manifest Destiny
many Americans believed that they had a God-given right to spread their civilization across the continent./ latest justification for white settlers to take the land they coveted.
Free soil/free labor
territory in which slavery would be prohibited/
hardworking, self-reliant free men
ideology
system of ideas and ideals, one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy
Know-nothings (American Party)
started out as secret society, When questioned they would answer “I know nothing”, became known as that group. / became anti-immigrant party
Border ruffians
pro-slavery activists from Missouri/ 1844 crossed state border into Kansas Territory to force acceptance of slavery there.
Emigrant Aid Society
promoted settlement from free states or slave states
Lecompton constitution
written in response to the anti-slavery position. / enshrined slavery in proposed
Black republicanism
blacks associated with or voting for the Republican party
Anaconda plan
emphasized the blockade of the southern ports, called for an advance down the Mississippi river to cut the south in two.
minie ball/rifling
soft lead bullet, caused more damage than regular bullets cos it went straight through intended target- shattering bones.
Confederate conscription
passed first draft, all able-bodied white males between the ages of 18-35 were liable to serve in the rebel army.
Union conscription
offered bounties and bonuses for enlistment in army. freed slaves could enlist in Union.
commutation fees
created to keep substitution fees low. pay $300 and up to escape the draft, it was intended to raise money for the war effort.
Believed to at least get money out of the unwilling rather than have unwilling troops fight.
20 negro exemption
exempted 1 white man on every plantation with 20 or more slaves. ensured safety for white women and to see that slaves tended to crops
Copperheads
Democrats located in North who opposed the Civil War. Republicans started calling antiwar Democrats “Copperheads”, likening them to the venomous snake. The Democrats accepted the label, reinterpreting the copper “head” as the likeness of Liberty, which they cut from copper pennies and proudly wore as badges
habeas corpus
constitutional guarantees that protect citizens from arbitrary arrest and detention.
greenbacks
the national currency: paper money