final Flashcards
(33 cards)
What organ receives nutrients after first entering the body?
Liver
where is glycogen stored at?
liver and muscles
What does the liver do with proteins?
- manufactures nonessential AA
- converts AA to other AA
- makes plasma proteins like clotting factors
Where does glycolysis happen?
cytosol
Glycolysis
- metabolic breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
- requires ATP and yields ATP
- requires coenzymes from B vitamins
Where does anaerobic metabolism occur at?
muscle, near wound sites
is anaerobic or aerobic more efficient?
aerobic
What does anaerobic metabolism form that causes a burning pain and muscle fatigue?
lactic acid
where does aerobic metabolism occur at?
mitochondria
Does aerobic require energy?
yes- acetyl CoA used to make fat
no- acetyl CoA enters TCA cycle to produce large amounts of ATP
What can glycerol form?
glucose
pyruvate then acetyl CoA
Gluconeogenesis
AA enter TCA cycle or form pyruvate
Ketogenic
AA that are converted to acetyl CoA
Where does the TCA cycle occur?
mitochondria
What blood concentrations increase during the fed state?
glucose, fats, AA, insulin
Insulin
anabolic hormone
glucose transport
excess dietary triglycerides
stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue
excess protein
deaminated and carbons used to make fat
excess CHO
stored as glycogen, used for energy and some triglyceride storage
control systems regulating blood glucose
insulin, glucagon, autonomic nervous and hormonal counter-regulatory system
over how many days is considered long term fasting
1
glycogen storage are empty after how many days?
1
glucose is mainly made where?
liver
How does the body adapt to lower calories?
decreases energy expenditure
