Nutrition > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

Fruits and vegtables provide…

A

K

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2
Q

Whole grains provide…

A

Mg and fiber

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3
Q

Low fat fat free dairy provide…

A

Ca

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4
Q

Lean meats/ poultry/ fish provide…

A

Protein and Omega 3

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5
Q

Nuts/ seeds/ legumes…

A

Mg

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6
Q

Ca is protective from…

A

CVD

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7
Q

K efffects…

A

Blood pressure

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8
Q

If someone has high blood pressure they should…

A

Avoid salt

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9
Q

The DASH diet over sampled what groups

A

Blacks and women

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10
Q

Is the DASH diet clinically significant in lowering blood pressures?

A

yes

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11
Q

DASH diet changes what ratio?

A

Sodium/ potassium

reduces blood pressure due to generous amounts of K and other minerals

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12
Q

DASH diet is high in which food groups?

A

Grains, fruit/veg, dairy

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13
Q

Which diet has the best effects on cardiovascular risk factors?

A

Mediterranean

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14
Q

Therapeutic effects of physical activity

A

-lowers triglycerides, raises HDLs, lowers BP, promotes weight loss, improves insulin sensitivity, stregthens heart

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15
Q

Therapeutic effects of smoking cessation

A

Why to stop

  • promotes vasoconstrition and blood coagualtion
  • raises heart rate and BP
  • descreases O2 carrying capacity
  • damages blood vessels
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16
Q

Therapeutic effects of weight reduction

A

may improve CHD risk factors

initial goal should be no more than 10% of orginal body weight

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17
Q

High insulin levels are associated with

A

breast, colon, and prostate cancers

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18
Q

relative risk score related to no impact

A

1

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19
Q

What hormones or binding globulins are elevated with obesity?

A

Insulin, IGF1, and oestradiol (total & free)

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20
Q

Fat cells are the main source of…

A

estrogen

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21
Q

How does obesity increase risk for cancer?

A

excess weight –> decreased adiponectin; increasedresistin, FFA, TNFa –> insulin resistance (increase in insulin) –> target cells decreasing apoptosis; increase cell proliferation –> tumor development

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22
Q

Increased weight gain of 18-50 lbs after menopause causes…

A

increased risk of breast cancer

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23
Q

increased BMI in men

A

increased risk for colon cancer

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24
Q

Obesity is associated with which cancers?

A

breast, colon, endometrial, esophageal, renal, thryoid, gallbladder, and prostate

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25
Who is at highier risk for gallstone?
Fat Fertile Female
26
How many kcal per gram in protein?
4
27
Protein contains...
nitrogen
28
How many common AA
20
29
Difference between essential and nonessential
nonessential- humans produce | essentail- must get from diet
30
Which AA are conditionally essential?
Glutamine and arginine
31
Glutamine
prevents bacterial translocation
32
Arginine
Enhances Tcell function
33
RDA protein amount
.8g/kg
34
Pregnancy protein amount
.8g/kg (pre-preg weight) + 25 gm
35
Lactation protein amount
.8g/kg (pre-preg weight) + 25 gm
36
Nephrotic syndrome protein amount
.8g/kg (dry weight)
37
CRF (cronic renal failure) protein amount
.6g/kg
38
CAPD (peritoneal dialysis) protein amount
1.5g/kg
39
Hemodialysis protein amount
1.2g/kg
40
CAVDH protein amount
1.5-2g/kg (feed for underlying injury)
41
Trauma/ stress protein amount
1.5-2g/kg
42
Who benefits from DASH diet?
HTN, black people, women
43
Can you limit intake of some AA by over supplementing?
yes
44
Food allergy most derive from foods with...
protien fragments
45
What is the most common food allergy?
peanuts
46
Celiac disease
immune response to gluten | most common genetically induced food intolerance
47
How do you confirm celiacs?
biopsy of proximal small intestine
48
Dirt theory
kids need to be exposed to dirt, dust, dogs in order to minimize allergies
49
How much gluten exposure is safe for someone with celiacs?
less than 1/2 tsp of bread
50
Breast milk v. cows milk
lower protein levels which causes less stress to the infants kidneys
51
Breast milk
- majority protein is alpha-lactalbumin - IgA (IgM in colostrum) - Bactericidial compounds (lactoferrin and lysoenzymes) - less infections
52
low albumin levels
shifts fluid levels from blood to interstial space
53
Nitrogen status positive in...
Kids, injuried, pregnant
54
Nirtogen stauts negative in...
Starving, stressed
55
Excess protein gets...
converted to fat
56
High quality proteins (like eggs) provide...
all essential AA
57
Complementary proteins
two or more dietary proteins whose AA compliment each other with missing AA (ex. legumes and grains)
58
Protein deficiency malnutrition
PEM two forms: Marasmus (chronic; seen in obese older and under 1.5 years) Kwashiorkor (acute; 18m-2yr; 2nd baby) death via infection
59
Refeeding syndrome
K & P abnormalities | Try to feed alot after body used to not having much
60
acute renal failure usually occurs with...
high blood loss
61
Prerenal factors of acute renal failure
low blood volume renal artery disorder heart disorders
62
Intrinsic factors of acute renal failure
vascular disorders obstructions within kidney renal injury
63
postrenal factors of acute renal failure
``` obstruction of ureter or bladder prostate disorders renal vein thrombosis bladder disorders pregnancy ```
64
How long does an av fistula take to mature?
2-4 months | only 50% mature
65
Why make fistulas?
``` engorges area (visulize easier) increases pressure ```
66
How long does it take for an av graft to mature?
about 2 weeks
67
Access locations for Continous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)
Internal Jugular vein Femoral vein subclavin vein
68
Why is anemia associated with hemodialysis?
Blood going through non-self --> high creactive protein (not makeing epo) --> leads to anemia
69
What should be restricted with chronic renal failure?
K Mg Phos Na
70
Anabolism
small molecules to larger molecules
71
Catabolism
large molecules to small molecules
72
Metabolism
series of reactions that release energy | water and CO2 released
73
Function of kidney
Regulation of serum electrolytes and Production of erythropoietin
74
urea
produced from ammonia in the liver
75
what lab work indicates acute renal failure?
Elevated BUN, Creatinine, potassium, phosphorus and low urine output
76
Underlaying cause of acute renal failure
Blood loss and inadequte profusion
77
Continous ambulatory peritioneal Dialysis
dialysis through peritoneal membrane
78
Hemodialysis
blood goes through a machine filter from graft or fistula

Nutrition (4 decks)

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