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Flashcards in Test 3 Deck (78)
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1
Q

Fruits and vegtables provide…

A

K

2
Q

Whole grains provide…

A

Mg and fiber

3
Q

Low fat fat free dairy provide…

A

Ca

4
Q

Lean meats/ poultry/ fish provide…

A

Protein and Omega 3

5
Q

Nuts/ seeds/ legumes…

A

Mg

6
Q

Ca is protective from…

A

CVD

7
Q

K efffects…

A

Blood pressure

8
Q

If someone has high blood pressure they should…

A

Avoid salt

9
Q

The DASH diet over sampled what groups

A

Blacks and women

10
Q

Is the DASH diet clinically significant in lowering blood pressures?

A

yes

11
Q

DASH diet changes what ratio?

A

Sodium/ potassium

reduces blood pressure due to generous amounts of K and other minerals

12
Q

DASH diet is high in which food groups?

A

Grains, fruit/veg, dairy

13
Q

Which diet has the best effects on cardiovascular risk factors?

A

Mediterranean

14
Q

Therapeutic effects of physical activity

A

-lowers triglycerides, raises HDLs, lowers BP, promotes weight loss, improves insulin sensitivity, stregthens heart

15
Q

Therapeutic effects of smoking cessation

A

Why to stop

  • promotes vasoconstrition and blood coagualtion
  • raises heart rate and BP
  • descreases O2 carrying capacity
  • damages blood vessels
16
Q

Therapeutic effects of weight reduction

A

may improve CHD risk factors

initial goal should be no more than 10% of orginal body weight

17
Q

High insulin levels are associated with

A

breast, colon, and prostate cancers

18
Q

relative risk score related to no impact

A

1

19
Q

What hormones or binding globulins are elevated with obesity?

A

Insulin, IGF1, and oestradiol (total & free)

20
Q

Fat cells are the main source of…

A

estrogen

21
Q

How does obesity increase risk for cancer?

A

excess weight –> decreased adiponectin; increasedresistin, FFA, TNFa –> insulin resistance (increase in insulin) –> target cells decreasing apoptosis; increase cell proliferation –> tumor development

22
Q

Increased weight gain of 18-50 lbs after menopause causes…

A

increased risk of breast cancer

23
Q

increased BMI in men

A

increased risk for colon cancer

24
Q

Obesity is associated with which cancers?

A

breast, colon, endometrial, esophageal, renal, thryoid, gallbladder, and prostate

25
Q

Who is at highier risk for gallstone?

A

Fat
Fertile
Female

26
Q

How many kcal per gram in protein?

A

4

27
Q

Protein contains…

A

nitrogen

28
Q

How many common AA

A

20

29
Q

Difference between essential and nonessential

A

nonessential- humans produce

essentail- must get from diet

30
Q

Which AA are conditionally essential?

A

Glutamine and arginine

31
Q

Glutamine

A

prevents bacterial translocation

32
Q

Arginine

A

Enhances Tcell function

33
Q

RDA protein amount

A

.8g/kg

34
Q

Pregnancy protein amount

A

.8g/kg (pre-preg weight) + 25 gm

35
Q

Lactation protein amount

A

.8g/kg (pre-preg weight) + 25 gm

36
Q

Nephrotic syndrome protein amount

A

.8g/kg (dry weight)

37
Q

CRF (cronic renal failure) protein amount

A

.6g/kg

38
Q

CAPD (peritoneal dialysis) protein amount

A

1.5g/kg

39
Q

Hemodialysis protein amount

A

1.2g/kg

40
Q

CAVDH protein amount

A

1.5-2g/kg (feed for underlying injury)

41
Q

Trauma/ stress protein amount

A

1.5-2g/kg

42
Q

Who benefits from DASH diet?

A

HTN, black people, women

43
Q

Can you limit intake of some AA by over supplementing?

A

yes

44
Q

Food allergy most derive from foods with…

A

protien fragments

45
Q

What is the most common food allergy?

A

peanuts

46
Q

Celiac disease

A

immune response to gluten

most common genetically induced food intolerance

47
Q

How do you confirm celiacs?

A

biopsy of proximal small intestine

48
Q

Dirt theory

A

kids need to be exposed to dirt, dust, dogs in order to minimize allergies

49
Q

How much gluten exposure is safe for someone with celiacs?

A

less than 1/2 tsp of bread

50
Q

Breast milk v. cows milk

A

lower protein levels which causes less stress to the infants kidneys

51
Q

Breast milk

A
  • majority protein is alpha-lactalbumin
  • IgA (IgM in colostrum)
  • Bactericidial compounds (lactoferrin and lysoenzymes)
  • less infections
52
Q

low albumin levels

A

shifts fluid levels from blood to interstial space

53
Q

Nitrogen status positive in…

A

Kids, injuried, pregnant

54
Q

Nirtogen stauts negative in…

A

Starving, stressed

55
Q

Excess protein gets…

A

converted to fat

56
Q

High quality proteins (like eggs) provide…

A

all essential AA

57
Q

Complementary proteins

A

two or more dietary proteins whose AA compliment each other with missing AA (ex. legumes and grains)

58
Q

Protein deficiency malnutrition

A

PEM two forms:
Marasmus (chronic; seen in obese older and under 1.5 years)
Kwashiorkor (acute; 18m-2yr; 2nd baby)
death via infection

59
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

K & P abnormalities

Try to feed alot after body used to not having much

60
Q

acute renal failure usually occurs with…

A

high blood loss

61
Q

Prerenal factors of acute renal failure

A

low blood volume
renal artery disorder
heart disorders

62
Q

Intrinsic factors of acute renal failure

A

vascular disorders
obstructions within kidney
renal injury

63
Q

postrenal factors of acute renal failure

A
obstruction of ureter or bladder
prostate disorders
renal vein thrombosis
bladder disorders
pregnancy
64
Q

How long does an av fistula take to mature?

A

2-4 months

only 50% mature

65
Q

Why make fistulas?

A
engorges area (visulize easier)
increases pressure
66
Q

How long does it take for an av graft to mature?

A

about 2 weeks

67
Q

Access locations for Continous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)

A

Internal Jugular vein
Femoral vein
subclavin vein

68
Q

Why is anemia associated with hemodialysis?

A

Blood going through non-self –> high creactive protein (not makeing epo) –> leads to anemia

69
Q

What should be restricted with chronic renal failure?

A

K Mg Phos Na

70
Q

Anabolism

A

small molecules to larger molecules

71
Q

Catabolism

A

large molecules to small molecules

72
Q

Metabolism

A

series of reactions that release energy

water and CO2 released

73
Q

Function of kidney

A

Regulation of serum electrolytes and Production of erythropoietin

74
Q

urea

A

produced from ammonia in the liver

75
Q

what lab work indicates acute renal failure?

A

Elevated BUN, Creatinine, potassium, phosphorus and low urine output

76
Q

Underlaying cause of acute renal failure

A

Blood loss and inadequte profusion

77
Q

Continous ambulatory peritioneal Dialysis

A

dialysis through peritoneal membrane

78
Q

Hemodialysis

A

blood goes through a machine filter from graft or fistula