final Flashcards
(88 cards)
1
Q
def of disease
A
disturbance of body structure or funktion
2
Q
organic disease
A
structural changes
gross and histologic examination
3
Q
funktional disease
A
no structural change
funktions are disturbed
4
Q
pathology
A
study of disease
5
Q
etiology
A
cause of disease
6
Q
signs
A
objective manifestations (measurable) swelling or fever
7
Q
symptoms
A
subjective manifestations
pain or weakness
8
Q
idiopathic
A
unknown cause
9
Q
iatrogenic
A
caused by prescribed treatment
10
Q
nosocomial
A
aquired from a hospital
11
Q
classifications of diseases
A
congenital and hereditary inflammatory degenerative metabolic neoplastic
12
Q
congenital and hereditary disease
A
result of development disturbances
genetic abnormalities, chromosome
13
Q
inflammatory disease
A
body reacts to injury through inflammatory process
14
Q
degenerative disease
A
tissue or organ degeneration as result of aging or breakdown
15
Q
metabolic disease
A
disturbance in metabolic process in body
16
Q
neoplastic disease
A
uncontrolled cell growth that leads to formation of tumors
17
Q
diagnosis
A
identifying a disease and its course
clinical history
physical exam
differential diagnosis
18
Q
prognosis
A
outcome of disease
specific or symptomatic treatment
19
Q
components of physical exam
A
observation
auscultation
palpation
20
Q
nucleus
A
contains DNA and RNA
directs metabolic funktion of cells
21
Q
mitochondria
A
power house of the cell
use nutrients to make ATP
22
Q
epithelium
A
covers outside of body
lines body cavities, glands
protection, absorption, secretion
23
Q
connective tissue
A
contain protein fibers, flexible
elasticity, stretch and recoil
24
Q
muscle tissue
A
contraction
25
nervous tissue
transmit nerve impulses-communication
26
atrophy
reduction in cell size in response to diminshed funktion, hormonal stimulation, reduced blood supply
27
hypertrophy
increase cell size
28
hyperplasia
increase in number of cells in response to demand
29
metaplasia
change from one type of cell to another
30
dysplasia
cell development and maturation are disturbed and abnormal
31
mitosis
somatic cells
| 2 genetically identical daughter cells
32
meiosis
egg and sperm
| gentically different
33
dominant gene
homozygous or heterozygous state
| BB or Bb
34
recessive gene
homozygous state
| bb
35
signs of inflammation
heat
redness
swelling
pain
36
humoral immunity
production of antibodies
| main defense against bacteria and bacterial toxins
37
cell mediated immunity
formation of lymphocytes that attack and destroy foreign material
main defense against viruses, fungi, parasites
rejects transplanted organs
eliminated abnormal cells
38
pathogenesis of autoimmune disease
alteration of patients own self antigens causing them to become antigenic = immune reaction
formation of cross reacting antibodies against foreign antigens
defective regulation of immune response
39
pathogenic microorganisms
```
bacteria
rickettsiae
mycoplasma
viruses
fungi
```
40
bacteria
```
shape and arrangement
gram stain
biochemical and growth characteristics
antigenic structure
streptococci and staphococci
treat with antibiotics
```
41
rickettsiae
obligate intracellular parasites
insects transmitted to human via bite
rocky mountain spotted fever
42
virus
```
smallest infectious agents
capsid with DNA or RNA
attachment to cells
relies on host
inclusion bodies
chicken pox and shingles
```
43
mycoplasma
free living bacteria
no cell wall
not responsive to antibiotics
atypical pneumonia
44
fungi
yeasts and molds
forms hyphae
athletes foot
45
def of communicable disease
disease transmitted from person to person
46
methods of transmission of communicable disease
direct-physical contact or cough or sneeze
| indirect-contaminated food or water, insects
47
effective control of communicable diseases
must break transmission to eradicate or control disease
immunization
identify, isolation, treatment
48
factors in congenital malformations
chromosomal abnormalities
abnormalities of individual genes
intrauterine injury to embryo or fetus
environmental factors
49
diseases of chromosomal abnormalities
```
nondisjunction
trisomy 21
monosomy
deletions
translocations
```
50
benign
slow growth rate
expansion
tumor remains localized
well differentiated-normal appearance
51
malignant
rapid growth rate
metastasis
infilteration
poorly differentiated
52
treatment for cancer
```
surgery
radiotherapy
hormones
anticancer drugs
adjuvant chemo
immunotherapy
```
53
hemophilia
sex linked genetic blood coagulation disease
54
atria
recieve blood
55
ventricles
pump out blood
56
coronary heart disease
arteriosclerosis of arteries
arteries narrow due to fatty materials
form crystals and necrosis- mushy yellow
57
risk factors of coronary heart disease
elevated blood lipids
high blood pressure
smoking
diabetes
58
funktion of respiratory system
oxygenates blood and removed co2
| supply cells with 02
59
site of gas exchange in lungs
alveoli
60
diseases of COPD
pulmonary emphysema
| chronic bronchitis
61
2 main female sex hormones
estrogen progesterone
62
female reproductive diseases
```
cervicitis
PID
salpingitis
condylomas
endometriosis
```
63
biggest concern of female reproductive diseases
PID and sterility
64
PID
inflammation of fallopian tubes and ovaries
65
funktional unit of kidney
nephron
66
urinary disease associated with
inadequate blood filteration
67
kidney funktions
excrete wastes
regulate mineral and water balance
produce erythropoietin and renin
68
glomerulonephritis
inflammation of glomeruli by antigen-antibody reaction
| beta
69
nephrotic syndrome
marked loss of proteins in urine
70
cystitis
affects only bladder
71
produce sperm
testes
72
funktions of liver
metabolism
synthesis
storage
detoxification
73
funktion of gastrointestinal tract
digestion of food and absorption of nutrients into bloodstream
74
major endocrine glands
```
pituitary
thyroid
parathyroid
adrenal cortex and medulla
pancreatic islets
ovaries and testes
```
75
hyperthyroidism
toxic goiter or graves disease
| mimics effects of TSH but not subject to normal control mechanism
76
hypothyroidism
adult: myxedema-metabolic slowing
infant: cretinism-impaired growth and nervous system-low metabolism
77
3 mechanisms of hormone secretion
blood level of hormone
nervous system
other hormones
78
what causes type 1 diabetes mellitus
inadequate insulin secretion by pancreas
damage pancreatic islets
autoantibodies
79
components of CNS
brain and spinal cord
80
frontal lobe funktions
mood, personality, voluntary movement
81
parietal lobe funktions
general sensory reception
82
temporal lobe funktions
hearing
83
occipital lobe funktions
vision
84
spongy bone
thin columns of bone- trabeculae
large spaces between trabeculae filled with red bone marrow
site of blood cell formation
85
compact bone
repeating circular units called osteons
| no spaces
86
long bone structures
shaft
ends
epiphyseal plate or line
periosteum
87
funktion of skeletal muscle
myofilaments slide together
| nerve stimulation
88
muscular dystrophy
progressive degeneration and weakening of muscles
muscles unable to store protein and replaced with fat and connective tissue
sex linked recessive
