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PSYC 154 > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is conflict?

A
  • expressed struggle
  • perceived incompatible goals
  • perceived scarce rewards
  • interdependance
  • inevitability
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2
Q

define dysfunctional conflict

A

Outcomes fall short of what is possible and have a damaging effect on the relationship

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3
Q

define functional conflict

A

achieve the best possible outcome, and strengthen the relationship

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4
Q

in ‘Integration versus polarization’ which is a functional and which is a dysfunctional characteristic of conflict?

A

Integration is functional

Polarization is dysfunctional

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5
Q

In ‘cooperation versus opposition’ which is functional/dysfunctional characteristic?

A

Co-operation is functional

Opposition is dysfunctional

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6
Q

in ‘confirmation versus disconfirmation’ which is f/d characteristic of conflict?

A
  • confirmation is functional

- disconfirmation is dysfunctional

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7
Q

in ‘agreement versus coercion’ which is f/d characteristic of conflict?

A
  • agreement is functional

- coercion is dysfunctional

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8
Q

In ‘de-escalation versus escalation’ which is f/d characteristic of conflict?

A
  • de is functional

- escalation is dysfunctional

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9
Q

in ‘focusing vs drifting’ which is f/d characteristic of conflict?

A
  • focusing is functional

- drifting is dysfunctional

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10
Q

in ‘foresight vs shortsightedness’ which is f/d characteristic of conflict?

A
  • foresight is functional

- shortsightedness is dysfunctional

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11
Q

in ‘positive vs. negative’ which is f/d characteristic of conflict?

A
  • positive is functional

- negative is dysfunctional

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12
Q

integration verses

A

polarization

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13
Q

co-operation vs

A

opposition

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14
Q

confirmation vs

A

disconfirmation

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15
Q

agreement vs

A

coercion

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16
Q

de-escalalation vs

A

escalation

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17
Q

focusing vs

A

drifting

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18
Q

foresight vs

A

shortsightedness

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19
Q

positive vs

A

negative

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20
Q

what are the individual conflict styles?

A
  • non-assertion
  • indirect communication
  • passive aggression
  • direct aggression
  • assertion
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21
Q

define relational conflict styles

A

pattern of managing disagreements that repeats over time

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22
Q

define complementary conflict styles

A

partners use different but mutually reinforcing behaviour

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23
Q

define symmetrical conflict styles

A

partners use some tactics

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24
Q

define conflict rituals

A

repeating patterns of interlocking conflict behaviours

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25
Q

communication climates predetermined by

A

the degree to which people see themselves as valued

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26
Q

confirming messages are

A

messages that convey valuing

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27
Q

disconfirming messages are

A

messages that signal a lack of regard

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28
Q

examples of confirming messages

A

recognition, acknowledgement, endorsement

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29
Q

examples of disagreeing messages

A

argumentative, complaining, aggressiveness

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30
Q

examples of disconfirming messages

A

impervious, interrupting, tangential, impersonal, ambiguous, or incongruous responses

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31
Q

In the Gibb categories of Defensive and Supportive behaviour what characteristics are found in the Defensive Behaviour category?

A
  1. Evaluation
  2. Control
  3. Strategy
  4. Neutrality
  5. Superiority
  6. Certainty
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32
Q

In the Gibb categories of Defensive and Supportive behaviour what characteristics are found in the supportive behaviour category?

A
  1. Description
  2. Problem Orientation
  3. Spontaneity
  4. Empathy
  5. Equality
  6. Provisionalism
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33
Q

Gibb model: Evaluation versus

A

description

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34
Q

Gibb model: control versus

A

problem orientation

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35
Q

Gibb model: Strategy versus

A

Spontaneity

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36
Q

Gibb model: Neutrality versus

A

empathy

37
Q

Gibb model: superiority versus

A

equality

38
Q

Gibb model: certainty versus

A

provisionalism

39
Q

all behaviours have

A

communicative value

40
Q

Nonverbal communication is

A

primarily relational, ambiguous and influenced by culture

41
Q

verbal communication is (characteristics)

A
  • voluntary
  • content-oriented
  • clear or vague
  • shaped by culture
  • discontinuous or intermittent
  • single channeled
42
Q

Non-verbal communication is (characteristics)

A
  • unconscious
  • relational
  • ambiguous
  • shaped by biology
  • continuous
  • multi-channeled
43
Q

an emblem is

A

a culturally understood substitute for verbal expression

44
Q

an illustrator(s) are

A

actions that have no meaning on their own but compliment and accent verbal statements

45
Q

Regulate

A

nonverbal communication helps control verbal interaction; regulators are signals that a speaker has finished and is ready to yield to a listener

46
Q

Contradicts

A

creates a mixed message

47
Q

Paralanguage is the

A

way a message is spoken

48
Q

disfluencies are

A

stammerings

49
Q

personal space is the

A

invisible bubble each individual finds comfortable to have around themselves

50
Q

territory is

A

the area that serves as an extension of our physical being

51
Q

hearing is the

A

process by which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain. Automatic.

52
Q

listening is the

A

process of receiving, interpreting and responding to spoken and non-verbal messages. Requires the effort of paying attention, understanding, remembering and responding.

53
Q

Non-listening habits that can interfere with effective communication

A
  • Pseudo-listening
  • stage hogging
  • selective listening
  • gap filling
  • insulated listening
  • defensive listening
  • ambushing
54
Q

Pseudo listening is

A

polite imitation of listening to mask inattention

55
Q

stage hogging is

A

being interested only in expressing one’s own ideas and not caring about what other people have to say

56
Q

selective listening is

A

responding only to parts of the speaker’s remarks that spark one’s interest, rejecting everything else

57
Q

filling in gaps is

A

manufacturing information so that when the story is retold, the message is distorted in to order to give impression of telling the whole story

58
Q

insulated listening is

A

failing to hear or acknowledge certain topics when they are raised

59
Q

defensive listening is

A

taking innocent comments as personal attacks

60
Q

ambushing is

A

listening in order to collect information with which to attack the speaker

61
Q

what are the 5 components of listening?

A

Hearing, attending, understanding, remembering and responding

62
Q

from More Reflective/Less Directive to Less Reflective/More Directive what are the 8 types of listening responses?

A

Silent listening, questioning, paraphrasing, emphasizing, supporting, analyzing, evaluating, advising

63
Q

open questions allow

A

a variety of extended responses

64
Q

closed questions allow

A

only a limited range of answers

65
Q

Sincere questions

A

aimed at understanding others

66
Q

counterfeit questions

A

designed to send a message, not receive one

67
Q

what are 7 reason why we form relationships?

A

appearance, Complexity, Competence, Disclosure, Proximity, Rewards, similarity

68
Q

appearance refers to which effect

A

halo

69
Q

what does the similarity thesis suggest

A

we assume others are like us

70
Q

social exchange theory suggests

A

people look for relationships with those who give rewards that are greater than the cost of dealing with them

71
Q

comparison level is

A

minimum standard of acceptable behaviour

72
Q

comparison level of alternatives

A

rewards currently being received compared to those one could expect to receive in another relationship

73
Q

in the coming together stage of the Developmental model of interpersonal relationships what are the three steps

A
  1. Initiating 2. Experimenting 3. Intensifying
74
Q

In the relational maintenance stage of the developmental model of interpersonal relationships what are the four steps

A
  1. integrating 2. bonding 3. differentiating 4. circumscribing
75
Q

in the coming apart stage of the developmental model of interpersonal relationships what are the 3 steps

A
  1. stagnating 2. avoiding 3. terminating
76
Q

what are the three areas of the developmental model of interpersonal relationships from left to right (going up, top, going down)

A

coming together, relational maintenance, coming apart

77
Q

relational maintenance is

A

communication aimed at keeping the relationship operating smoothly and satisfactory

78
Q

dialectical tensions

A

conflicts that arise when two opposing or incompatible forcmsexist simultaneously

79
Q

integration-seperation dialectic

A

conflicting desires for connection and independence

80
Q

stability-change dialectic

A

conflict between needing stability and not wanting relationships to become boring

81
Q

expression privacy dialectic

A

conflict between needing space and wanting to create intimacy

82
Q

content dimension is

A

subject being discussed

83
Q

relational dimension

A

messages that make statements about how communicators feel toward one another

84
Q

metacommunication

A

communication about communication

85
Q

What are 4 methods of conflict resolution?

A
  • Win-Lose
  • Lose-Lose
  • Compromise
  • Win-Win
86
Q

What are some characteristics that define win-lose resolutions?

A
  • One person gets satisfaction
  • used when perceived as ‘either-or’ situation
  • Can be necessary if other party refuses to cooperate
87
Q

What are some characteristics that define Lose-Lose?

A

-Neither side gets satisfied

88
Q

What are some characteristics that define a compromising resolution?

A
  • both parties gets some of what they want
  • both parties sacrifice part of what they want
  • can produce win-win or lose-lose
89
Q

What are some characteristics that define a win-win resolution?

A
  • collaborative; satisfies everyone

- work together

PSYC 154 (8 decks)

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