final chemistry unit test Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is a neutralization reaction?
The reaction between an acid and a base
What are the products?
An ionic compound (salt)
Water (H2O)
What are the reactants?
Acid and base
What is a salt?
chemical compound that comes from positively and negatively charged ions
Chemical Spills Applications?
Sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide are two of the mostly commonly used industrial chemicals
sometimes during transport one of these chemicals, accidents happen, resulting in chemical spills
if this acid were to end up in a body of water, a neutralization reaction could be done to clean it up
Neutralization reaction applications antacids
our stomach produce hydrochloride acid which is necessary for digestion
sometimes stomach acid can irritate the stomach lining leading to pain
antacids like milk of magnesia can neutralize the stomach acid to help w the pain
what is the ph range for an acid
acids have a ph value less than 7
what is the ph range for a base
bases have a ph value greater than 7
what is the ph of a neutral solution
7
how does the concentration of H* ions vs OH- ions affect the pH of a substance
higher concentration of H* ions result in a lower pH. (acid)
higher concentration of OH- ions results in a higher pH (base)
what are properties of an acid?
Taste- sour
Texture- no characteristic texture
Electrical conductivity in aqueous solution- Conduct electricity
pH- less than 7
indicator colours- litmus- red
bromothymol blue- yellow
Reacts with metals- produce hydrogen gas
reacts with carbonates- produce carbon dioxide gas
examples- citrus fruits, vinegar, carbonated drinks.
what are the properties of a base?
taste- bitter
texture- slippery to the touch
electrical conductivity in aqueous solution- conduct electricity
pH- greater than 7
indicator colours- litmus- blue
bromothymol blue- blue
corrodes tissue not metal
reactions w metal- no reaction
reactions w carbonates- no reaction
Soap, baking soda, oven cleaner, etc
Why do acids and bases have to be dissolved in water to conduct electricity?
breaks them apart into ions making them free to move around
what is a binary acid?
Contains only 2 elements
EXAMPLES- HCl, HF, Hl
what is an oxyacid?
Contains H, O and 1 other element
EXAMPLE- H2SO4
Synthesis chemical reaction?
A + B = AB
Decomposition chemical reaction?
AB = A + B
Single displacement chemical reaction?
A + BC = AC +B
Double displacement?
AB + CD = AD + BC
Combustion?
reactants: fuel + oxygen
products: complete (carbon dioxide + water)
incomplete (carbon dioxide + water + solid carbon)
