unit one test

Question 1

properties of matter?

Answer 1

All matter has properties (or characteristics) that describe its appearance or behaviour

Question 2

What are physical properties?

Answer 2

Observed with senses.
Colour - red
Odour - spicy
Texture - smooth
Lustre - shiny
Clarity - cloudy, clear
Taste - sweet, salty

Question 3

Some physical properties can be observed with _____ and ______ to aid your senses.

Answer 3

tests, measurements

Question 4

What physical properties can be described w tests and measurements to aid your senses?

Answer 4

State: solid, liquid, gas
Hardness: Resistance to being scratched or dented
Malleability: ability to be bent into different shapes
ductility: can be pulled into long thin wires

Question 5

Melting and boiling point?

Answer 5

temperature at which substance changes state

Question 6

Melting and boiling point properties

Answer 6

Solubility: the ability of a substance dissolve
Viscosity: how easily a liquid flows
Density: the amount of matter per unit volume of that matter

Question 8

Chemical properties definition?

Answer 8

Describe the behaviour of a substance as it turns into a new substance

Question 9

Chemical properties?

Answer 9

Combustibility: the ability of a substance to burn
Reactivity: how easily a substance reacts with another substance like oxygen, acid, or water
Sensitivity To Light: how the substance reacts when exposed to light

Question 11

What is a pure substance?

Answer 11

A sample of matter with both definite and constant composition and distinct properties. Eg, Aluminum, Foil, Sugar

Question 12

Groups are ____ columns

Answer 12

vertical

Question 13

Periods are ____ rows of elements

Answer 13

horizontal

Question 14

What are the groups of the periodic table?

Answer 14

Group 1: Alkali metals - soft, highly reactive
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals - light & reactive
Group 7/17: Halogens - one of the most reactive groups in the table
Group 8/18: Noble Gases - the most unreactive group

Question 15

Properties of metals example?

Answer 15

Nickel
State at room temp- Solid (except mercury)
Lustre- Shiny
Malleability- Malleable
Conduct Electricity- Conduct well

Question 16

Properties of non mental examples?

Answer 16

Bromine, Br
State at room temp: Solid, Liquid, or Gas
Lustre- Non-shiny (dull)
Malleability- No, brittle if solid
Conduct Electricity- insulators- don’t conduct

Question 17

What is an atom?

Answer 17

smallest piece of an element

Question 18

Protons?

Answer 18

found in the nucleus = +1/proton, relative mass of 1

Question 19

Electrons?

Answer 19

found in the rings = -1/electron, relative mass 1/2000 of a p+

Question 20

Neutrons?

Answer 20

found in the nucleus, no charge, relative mass of 1

Question 21

Orbital 1 holds ____ electrons

Answer 21

2

Question 22

Orbital 2 holds ____ electrons

Answer 22

8

Question 23

orbital 3 holds ____ electrons

Answer 23

8

Question 24

Lewis dot?

Answer 24

element symbol with only valence electrons

Question 25

Elements will react together in such a way to ensure their _____ shells are ____

Answer 25

valence, full

Question 26

Noble gases?

Answer 26

highly unreactive because their valence shells are already full

Question 27

Alkali metals?

Answer 27

highly reactive because they only have one electron in their outer orbit that they would like to get rid of

Question 28

The Halogens?

Answer 28

also highly reactive because they need only one more electron to fill up their outer orbit

Question 29

Ions?

Answer 29

electrically charged atoms gain or lose electron to get a full valence.

Question 30

Anion =

Answer 30

- ion

Question 31

Cation =

Answer 31

positive ion (cats have paws)

Question 32

isotopes?

Answer 32

atoms of an element that have the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. have very similar chemical properties, but different atomic masses (mass number) Ex, C-12 (Carbon- 12) VS. C-14 (Carbon - 14)

Question 33

how do atoms and ions differ?

Answer 33

an ion is an atom that has become charged by gaining or losing electrons. Atoms will tend to gain or lose electrons such that they have their outer shell. (i.e, valence shell full)

Question 34

Positive ions?

Answer 34

Atoms that lose electrons will take on a positive charge. This is called a CATION.

Question 37

Negative ions?

Answer 37

atoms that gain electrons will take on a negative charge. This is called ANION.

Question 38

naming ions

Answer 38

say the name of the element, followed by the word “ion.” Drop the ending, add “ide”, followed by the word “ion.”