final deck

Question 1

population

Answer 1

group of individuals living together living and interbreeding together, can studied on many levels

Question 2

community

Question 3

exponential model of growth

Answer 3

describes pop growth at an idealized and unlimited environment

Question 4

change in pop size

Answer 4

births + immigrants entering - death - emigrants leaving

Question 5

slope of exponential growth

Answer 5

rN where r- per capita rate of increase, equal to number of births minus number of deaths per person N- pop size

Question 6

Rmax

Answer 6

births as high as possible, deaths as low as possible

Question 7

is exponential growth density dependent?

Answer 7

NO, pop size does not limit growth rate

Question 8

logistic growth

Answer 8

R declines, density dependent growth,

Question 9

K value

Answer 9

carrying capacity, the maximum amount of individuals in the pop that can be supported in a habitat long term

Question 10

environmental resistance factors

Answer 10

animal comp for resources, food access, habitat access

Question 11

slope of logistic growth with density dependence

Answer 11

exp growth slope should be rN(K-N)K

Question 12

age structure diagram of a developed country

Answer 12

very uniform in size, higher aging population

Question 13

age structure diagram of a developing country

Answer 13

very bottom heavy, opposite of wendy williams

Question 14

community

Answer 14

a group of populations that interact

Question 15

interspecific competition

Answer 15

strong competition can lead to the local elimination of one species

Question 16

niches

Answer 16

the total use of the abiotic and biotic factors, what its role is in the ecosystem

Question 17

resource partitioning

Answer 17

differentiation of ecological niches, enabling species to coexist in a community

Question 18

fundamental niche

Answer 18

niche potentially occupied

Question 19

realized niche

Answer 19

the niche actually occupied by the species

Question 20

predation

Answer 20

+/- relationship, one species kills the other, leads to adaptations

Question 21

aposematic coloration

Answer 21

bright effective chemical defense that exhibits bright warning coloration

Question 22

batesian mimicry

Answer 22

another individual mimics the appearance of a dangerous chemically defensive animal

Question 23

mullerian mimicry

Answer 23

resemble one another even though they are all exhibiting the same coloration, ex: bees, wasps, yellow jackets

Question 24

mechanical defenses

Answer 24

used to physically barrier the animal or species ex: spines, shells, spikes, hairs

Question 25

chemical defense

Answer 25

used to fend off predators, ex: toxic milk latex on milkweed, ink deployed from octopi

Question 26

behavioral defenses

Answer 26

used to thwart predation in action, ex: bird that throws up on predators when under attack

Question 27

parasitism

Answer 27

+/- interaction, one organism benefits greatly while the host suffers, have complex life cycles

Question 28

mutualism

Answer 28

+/+ relationship, benefits both species

Question 29

commencalism

Answer 29

+/0 relationship where one benefits and the other is not harmed or benefitted

Question 30

facilitation

Answer 30

a +/+ relation or +/0 relation where the contact is not as close as the traditional 3 but there is still a positive effect on one species, more indirect

Question 31

succession

Answer 31

gradual change in species composition over time

Question 32

primary succession

Answer 32

no soil exists, at all, starts from there

Question 33

secondary sucession

Answer 33

a community has been damaged, but the soil remains, annual plants, grasses and perrenials, oak and hickory, mature oak/forest is the order

Question 34

early arriving vs later arriving

Answer 34

earlier species can facilitate the species of the later species, but this is not always true, can inhibit or not be effective

Question 35

genetic diversity

Answer 35

comprises genetic variation within a pop and between pops

Question 36

species diversity

Answer 36

variety of species in the ecosystem or biosphere

Question 37

ecosystem diversity

Answer 37

variety of ecosystems in the biosphere

Question 38

biophilia

Answer 38

the love or care for diversity simply because it is

Question 39

ecosystem services

Answer 39

encompasses all benefits of the ecosystems, ex: pure air and water, detoxification, cycle nutrients, pollination

Question 40

solar energy availability

Answer 40

rate of disturbance of energy, most abundant at the equator, greater access= more diversity

Question 41

biome

Answer 41

major regional ecosystem

Question 42

rate of disturbance effect on the diversity

Answer 42

moderate/median disturbance promotes the most diversity

Question 43

biodiversity hotspots

Answer 43

not evenly distributed diversity, strong latitudinal gradient

Question 44

background extinction

Answer 44

normal extinctions that occur during a given period of time

Question 45

invasive species

Answer 45

no predators in the habitat, native species can't compete with the new invading species

Question 46

overharvesting

Answer 46

removing individuals faster than they can reproduce/recover, can be used to refer to plants, animals, crops

Question 47

acid rain

Answer 47

burning fossil fuels adds carbonic and sulfuric acid to the atmosphere

Question 48

depletion of the ozone layer

Answer 48

helpful to the planet, forms layer in the stratosphere, absorbs UVB rays and reduces radiation

Question 49

deforestation and habitat loss

Answer 49

desertification, loss of habitat for the species, single biggest threat, loss of carbon resovoir

Question 50

fragmentation

Answer 50

the splitting of habitats that isolates small populations, ex: bridges can be used

Question 51

bioremediation

Answer 51

use of living organisms to detoxify polluted ecosystems

Question 52

restoration ecology

Answer 52

the study of methods for helping ecosystems recover from a degraded state