quiz 1

Question 1

what does it mean to behave scientifically?

Answer 1

not ignore data, repeat experiments, use controlled methods, record lots of observations+notes, honest

Question 2

what is the scientific method

Answer 2

process from observation to experiment, conclusions, process that produces new evidence for hypothesis and predictions, never ending cycle

Question 3

what is the purpose of peer review?

Answer 3

to ensure only scientifically sound papers and discoveries are published as journals, and to ensure others in the field recognize the experiment as valid

Question 4

what are the limitations of science?

Answer 4

cannot “answer” morals, cannot prove god/gods existance, cannot prove supernatural, cannot present judgement on HOW to use scientific information

Question 5

hypothesis

Answer 5

a statement that offers explanation for something in the natural world

Question 6

fact

Answer 6

an observation

Question 7

theory

Answer 7

a hypothesis or longer statement that has been upheld by multiple experiments for a long period of time

Question 8

law

Answer 8

a mathematical or physical equation/statement that supports something in the natural world, but does not explain why

Question 9

cell differentiation

Answer 9

the process in which cells specialize into a specific function as they grow/develop

Question 10

cytoplasmic determinants

Answer 10

molecules in the cytoplasm which determine the differentiation of a cell by being signal or regulator molecules

Question 11

determination by induction

Answer 11

the determination of a cell by regulatory molecules diffused into the membrane or interacting with the cell from the outside

Question 12

establishing of the body plan

Answer 12

the establsihment of an organism’s body axes and shape/form

Question 13

3 axes of the body

Answer 13

anterior to posterior, dorsal to ventral, right to left

Question 14

morphogens

Answer 14

pattern formation molecules that help determine the body plan by working in a concentration gradient

Question 15

pattern formation molecules

Answer 15

molecules that help determine the spatial organization in an embryo

Question 16

in situ hybridization

Answer 16

used to find the mRNA wanted by using fluorescent tags on complementary DNA that will bind to mRNA wanted

Question 17

homeotic mutations

Answer 17

cause the wrong body parts to be grown in the wrong places

Question 18

genetic regulatory cascade

Answer 18

a descending pattern of genes that continue to turn each other on/off as the cascade continues

Question 19

hox (homeotic) genes

Answer 19

determine body plan steps in development and are common in lots of animals

Question 20

homeobox

Answer 20

box genes before the homeotic gene sequence that act as a regulator for the hox gene

Question 21

homologous genes

Answer 21

genes that have been preserved among animals dating back very far and are common