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Principle Of Language > FINAL EXAM #1- COLUMN ONE > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM #1- COLUMN ONE Flashcards

100 MULTIPLE CHOICE ITEMS

1
Q

Language

A

the set of sounds (a SIGN LANGUAGE uses gesture), vocabulary, meanings, and grammar structures used by an identifiable group of people.

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2
Q

Idiolect

A

the language inventory of an individual

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3
Q

Dialect

A

another type of language pattern

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4
Q

Accent

A

a set of pronunciation features typical of a given dialect of a language.

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5
Q

Regional Dialect

A

the language typical of a specific geographical area.

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6
Q

Social Dialect

A

language spoken in our surrounding society (Rich, ghetto, formal)
the grouping may be classed by ethnic, economic or other criteria such as religious or cultural identities.

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7
Q

Dialect Atlas

A

a map drawn by Hans Kurth showing geography and dialect differences

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8
Q

Standard American English

A

how we write and speak

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9
Q

African American (Vernacular) English

A

dialect used by black people

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10
Q

Black (Vernacular) English

A

dialect used by black people

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11
Q

Ebonics

A

dialect used by black people

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12
Q

Chicano English

A

dialect used by black people.

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13
Q

Spanglish

A

dialect used by Mexican-Americans and a half Spanish/English words.

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14
Q

American Sign Language

A

Official lang. of Deaf people in America

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15
Q

Prime(s)

A

the basic formal units of sign lang. corresponding to phonological elements of spoken language

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16
Q

First Language Acquisition

A

the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate as an infant/child.

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17
Q

Second Language Aquisition

A

comprehending and processing additional languages as a child and adult.

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18
Q

Interlanguage Grammar

A

the way a second language learner would translate grammar from one lang. to the other.

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19
Q

Motherese

A

how mother’s talk to their babies (baby talk)

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20
Q

Prelinguistic Sounds

A

noises that infants make.

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21
Q

Babbling Stage

A

putting letters and sounds together. Doesn’t make sense

22
Q

Holophrastic / One-Word Stage

A

child can say one word (No, no, no)

23
Q

Two-Word Stage

A

Child uses simple two word sentences (up, now)

24
Q

Telegraphic Stage

A

children saying more words, but not correct (No sit there; Cathy want candy)

25
Q

Mean Length of Utterance

A

speech developmental tool. Children produce utterances at 2.5 to 3.5 morphemes in length, they are at the grammatical stage.

26
Q

Universal Grammar

A

laws that pertain to all human languages, representing the universal properties of language. (generalizations that describe “language as a thing”)

27
Q

Innateness Hypothesis

A

the theory that human species is genetically equipped with a universal grammar

28
Q

Poverty Of The Stimulus

A

the incomplete, noisy and unstructured utterances that children hear, including slips of the tongue, false starts and ungrammatical and incomplete sentences, together with a lack of concrete evident about abstract grammar rules

29
Q

Critical Stage Hypothesis

A

there is a window of time between early childhood and puberty for learning a first language

30
Q

Imitation Hypothesis

A

children learn their language by imitating adult speech

31
Q

Analogy Hypothesis

A

the use of one form as an exemplar by which other forms can be similarly constructed

32
Q

Reinforcement Hypothesis

A

discuss after something like a presentation

33
Q

Syntactic Overgeneralization

A

? ch8

34
Q

Semantic Overgeneralization

A

? ch8

35
Q

Bilingual Language Acquisition

A

the acquisition of 2 or more languages before the age of 3 such that each language is acquired with native competency

36
Q

Unitary System Hypothesis

A

a proposal that a bilingual child initially constructs only one lexicon and one grammar for both languages being acquired

37
Q

Separate System Hypothesis

A

a bilingual child builds a distinct lexicon and grammar for each language being acquired

38
Q

Metalinguistic Awareness

A

a speaker’s conscious awareness about language and the use of language, as opposed to linguistic knowledge

39
Q

Fossilized Error

A

?

40
Q

Lingua Franca

A

a language used for purposes of trade and social interchange by people from several language backgrounds. A Lingua Franca might be a pidgin, a creole, or a “standard” language. Now, English is a Lingua Franca for international air and maritime communication.

41
Q

Code Switching

A

a speaker’s conscious awareness about language and the use of language, as opposed to linguistic knowledge

42
Q

Style Shifting

A

the continuum or spectrum can be used to measure in it

o When speaking in different contexts

43
Q

Pidgin

A

a mixed language that springs up when people of various home languages come into contact and piece together a Lingua Franca from the vocabulary and syntax of the home languages and some “dominant” language important to their trade or other social interchange.

44
Q

Creole

A

language, technically speaking, arises when a generation grows up with Pidgin, using it as the first language.

45
Q

Basilect*

A

an ideal standard language

46
Q

Acrolect*

A

Spanish/dutch (if your from mexico the standard is Spanish)

47
Q

Creole Continuum*

A

range of usage from a home language mixture

48
Q

Neologism

A

?

49
Q

Derivation

A

the steps in the application of rules to an underlying form that results in a surface representation

50
Q

Phonological Change

A

? ch11

51
Q

Intervocalic Voicing

A

? ch11

Principle Of Language (10 decks)

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