final exam Flashcards
(211 cards)
1
Q
most common form of skin cancer; most common of all cancers; chronic exposure to sunlight is believed to be the cause of almost all cases of this cancer
A
basal cell carcinomas
2
Q
decrease in the diameter of a vessel to isolate contaminant and protect surrounding tissue
A
vasoconstriction
3
Q
genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21
A
down syndrome
4
Q
caused by different infections in the body; form of cell death in which the tissue maintains a cheese like appearance
A
caseous
5
Q
the science that deals with the study of disease
A
pathology
6
Q
the mortality rate from all causes of death for a population
A
crude mortality rate
7
Q
a malignant tumor formed from glandular structure; most common type of lung cancer especially among women and non smokers
A
adenocarcinomas
8
Q
number of cases of disease present in a specific population at a given time
A
prevalence
9
Q
an occupational lung disease and a restrictive lung disease caused by the inhalation of dust, often in mines and from agriculture
A
pneumoconiosis
10
Q
the formation of a blood clot; common due to damage to the endothelial lining of a blood vessel
A
thrombosis
11
Q
escape of blood from vessel due to rupture or tearing; significant defect in the vascular wall; classified according to the amount and area in which it occurs
A
hemorrhage per rhexis
12
Q
a substance secreted by the stomach (hydrochloric acid) that enables the body to absorb vitamin B12 is absent; main cause is gastric atrophy; prevalent in caucasians between the ages fo 40-80 years old
A
pernicious anemia
13
Q
when pathologist study the underlying cause of disease
A
etiology
14
Q
generally not harmful; not recurrent or progressive; remains localized; does not cause extensive tissue damage
A
benign tumor
15
Q
number of cases per year of certain disease in relationship to the population in which they occur
A
morbidity rate
16
Q
a decrease in the number of white blood cells; neutrophils are most frequently affected; drugs or bone marrow likely causes:
A
leukopenia
17
Q
normal or pathological coloration of skin or tissue
A
pigmentation
18
Q
wet gangrene may have a crackling sound known as ___ when it is touched due to presence of gas in tissue
A
crepitation
19
Q
structural abnormality in which superficial blood vessels are enlarged; also known as strawberry marks
A
vascular nevus
20
Q
occurs in the groin region; almost all of them are congenital when they present in children
A
inguinal hernia
21
Q
the passage of dark tarry stool containing decomposing blood; usually indicates bleeding in the upper part of the digestive tract
A
melena
22
Q
condition in which there is a reduction in the number of circulating red blood cells; the transport of oxygen is decreased; not a disease but a symptom of various diseases; two categories
A
anemia
23
Q
when pathologist study the origin and development of a disease
A
pathogenesis
24
Q
a circumscribed area of pathologically altered tissue; an injury or wound
A
boils, moles, or tumors
25
commonly known as age pigment; yellow brown pigment found in increased amounts of nerve, cardiac, and liver cells as they age
lipofuscin
26
tissue becomes dehydrated if blood supply to the impacted area is reduced; tissue becomes black, dry, wrinkled, and greasy to touch; also known as ischemic gangrene
dry gangrene
27
the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old; also known as crib death
sudden infant death syndrome
28
escape of blood from vessel due to the passage of blood cells through intact but functionally damaged blood vessel walls; classified according to the size of the hemorrhagic spot
hemorrhage per diapedesis
29
having a condition of a low blood platelet count; usually associated with leukemia or an immune system problem; can be a side effect of taking certain medications
thrombocytopenia
30
a closed sac or pouch with a definite wall that contains fluid, semi fluid, or solid material (pus or other material); within or on body surface; can contain air
cysts
31
occurs when the diaphragm muscle fails to close during prenatal development, and the contents from the abdomen migrate into the chest through this opening
congenital diaphragmatic hernia
32
loss of blood to the point where life may no longer be sustained
exsanguination
33
the division of pathology that deals with the specific features in relation to particular organs or organ systems
special pathology
34
number of deaths in a given time or place or population of deaths to a population
mortality rate
35
idiopathic disorder; abnormally high red blood cell count; life shortening disorder involving bone marrow; viscosity of blood causing thrombi
polycythemia vera
36
abnormal development of tissue
dysplasia
37
a structural abnormality that results in the failure of the fetus spine to close properly during the first month of gestation
spina bifida
38
most common primary cardiac tumors in fetus, neonate, and young children; result of excessive growth of muscle elements within the muscular walls of the heart
rhabdomyomas
39
bleeding from the nose
epistaxis
40
increase in severity of a disease
exacerbation
41
having the presence of one or more fingers or toes; common birth defect
polydactylism
42
common form of arthritis that causes swelling and pain in some of the body's joints; usually the big toe
gout
43
a rare and heredity condition of total color blindness and sensitivity to light
achromatopsia
44
generalized edema in subcutaneous tissue
anasarca
45
cancer of the white blood cells or tissues which synthesize white blood cells; white blood cell count is elevated 10 to 100 times the normal range; categorized by acute or chronic nature and by type of white blood cells affected
leukemia
46
the sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris (ex. blood clots, plaque, bacteria, amniotic fluid); life threatening
embolism
47
the death of body tissue due to either a lack of blood flow to the impacted area or serious bacterial infection
gangrene
48
a postmortem examination of the organs and tissues of a body to determine cause of death or pathological condition
autopsy
49
spontaneous or excessive bleeding; lack of plasma protein to aid in blood clotting; affects men, transmitted by females
hemeophilia
50
second most common skin cancer; arises from the epidermis; may remain isolated in the epidermis; if not related, will penetrate underlying tissues
squamous cell carcinomas
51
the branch of medicine which deals with the incidence, distribution and possible control of disease and other factors relating to health
epidemiology
52
fatty degeneration is the accumulation of ___ in the cytoplasm of parenchymal cells
triglycerides
53
bacterial infection that produces gas in tissues in gangrene; usually caused by clostridium perfringens bacteria
gas gangrene
54
cheese like material found under the skin formed from skin secretions; product of swollen hair follicles or trauma to skin; painless normally unless inflamed
sebaceous cysts
55
the movement of an organism in response to a chemical stimulus (ex. when white blood cells more to an area of inflammation)
chemotaxis
56
congenital condition in which the proximal portion of the limbs are poorly developed or absent
phocomelia
57
superficial bleeding under the skin or a mucous membrane; a bruise
ecchymosis
58
any injury or disease that produces a physiological derangement in the body that results in the death of an individual
cause of death
59
number of deaths among children <1 year of age during a given time interval
infant mortality rate
60
rare disorder; congenital absence of one of more limbs
amelia
61
the deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease of injury
degeneration
62
replacement of damaged cells with identical cells
regeneration
63
most severe type of spina bifida; characterized by the protrustion from an opening in the spine of both the malformed spinal cord and the meninges
myelomeningocele
64
a birthmark or a mole on the skin, especially a birthmark in the form of a raised red patch
nevus
65
accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity
ascites
66
the division of pathology that deals with the study of changes in structure of the body that are readily seen with the unaided eye as a result of a disease
gross pathology
67
clear, thin, and water substance that is rich in protein; contains white blood cells; normal during the inflammatory stage of wound healing
serous
68
disease or condition which arises spontaneously or for which the cause in unknown
idiopathic
69
acute reversible change resulting as a response to nonlethal injuries; occurs when cells are unable to maintain ionic and fluid stability
cellular swelling
70
increase in the size of a tissue or organ; also increase in the number of cells present
hyperplasia
71
a tumor that invades surrounding tissues; usually capable of producing metastases; may recur after attempted removal; likely to be fatal if not adequately treated
malignant tumor
72
a type of spina bifida characterized by a protrusion of the meninges through a gap in the spine due to a congenital defect
meningocele
73
escape of blood from the vascular system due to disease of the blood, vascular disease, hypertension, or trauma
hemorrhage
74
any injury or illness that occurs as a result of medical care
iatrogenic
75
enlargement of an organ or structure due to the increase in the size of the cells composing it
hypertrophy
76
the failure of a tissue or an organ to develop normally
aplasia
77
involving or relating to the production of pus
pyogenic
78
an increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood; associated with the reactive change in blood; generally caused by presence of infection
leukocytosis
79
any fluid released from the body through blood vessels or an organ, and has a high concentration of protein, cells or solid debris; oozes through the tissues into a cavity
exudate
80
embalmers will encounter this condition in the arteries; fine, white granules or clumps that feel like gritty deposits
calcification
81
when neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages engulf and destroy microorganisms, other foreign antigens, and cell debris
phagocytosis
82
identifies how the cause of death came about; reflected on death certificates as natural, homicide, suicide, or accident
manner of death
83
a disease acquired in a healthcare setting
nosocomial
84
a disease having rapid and severe onset; usually fatal
fulminating
85
abnormal protein produced in bone marrow; starch like protein that is deposited in the liver, kidneys, spleen, or other tissues in certain disease
amyloid
86
chronic and heredity condition due to the presence of a large number of crescent red blood cells; hemoglobin A is replaced by hemoglobin S; prevalent almost exclusively among african americans, native africans, and mediterranean populations
sickle sell anemia
87
pathological death of cells, tissues, and organs while still a part of a living organism (a sequence of structural changes that follow cell death in living tissues)
necrosis
88
congenitally malformed feature with a fissure along the midline
cleft palate
89
extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin; appear as pinpoint dots
petechiae
90
when the immune system attacks the healthy cells in the body by mistake; these diseases have unknown causes and tend to run in families
autoimmune
91
the division of pathology that deals with the study of microscopic changes that cells, tissues, and organs undergo as a result of disease
histopathology
92
the division of pathology that deals with the study of structural changes in the body caused by disease
pathological anatomy
93
a form of cellular adaptation in which cells regenerate after injury; one cell type is replaced by another cell type that is more capable of withstanding a change in environment
metaplasia
94
when a defective gene causes body secretions to become sticky and thick (due to a salt imbalance) and plug up tubes, ducts, and passageways in the lungs and pancreas
cystic fibrosis
95
wasting away or decrease in the size of an organ or tissue; a shrinkage in the size of a cell by the loss of cell substance
atrophy
96
increase flow of blood in an area of the body; can be active or passive
hyperemia
97
the abnormal, excessive, and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass of new growth of tissue
neoplasms
98
the term denoting the identification of a disease or syndrome; to recognize the nature of disease
diagnosis
99
the decrease in the size of an organ or tissue due to the excessive but regulated decrease in the number of its cells
hypoplasia
100
bluish discoloration of the fingernails, skin, or mucous membrane due to the lack of oxygen
cyanosis
101
the tissue forming the valve leaflets become stiffer, narrowing the valve opening and reducing the amount of blood that can flow through it
valvular stenosis
102
a disorder affecting multiple body systems due to the inability of the heart to pump as much blood as the venous system supplies
congestive heart failure
103
disease of blood vessels; occurs in almost any pat of the body but most commonly in the lower extremities and esophagus; can be due to pregnancy, obesity and/or occupations that require prolonged standing
varicose veins
104
hardening of the arteries; the thickening and hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the arteries; results in altered function of tissue and organs
arteriosclerosis
105
excessive stretching of the valves; stretching of inner layers, gets out of shape and will not properly close
valvular prolapse
106
a disease of the heart muscle; can be due to a variety of reasons
cardiomyopathy
107
arterial blood vessels which transport oxygenated blood to the heart muscle; reduced function can lead to decreased for of oxygen and nutrients to the heart
coronary arteries
108
localized abnormal dilation of a blood vessel, usually an artery
aneurysm
109
number one cause of myocardial infarctions; artery disease characterized by plaque deposits and fatty material on their inner walls; usually affects large and medium size arteries
atherosclerosis
110
medical term for chest pain of discomfort due to coronary heart disease; chest pains radiate to neck, jaw, and left arm
angina pectoris
111
temporary constriction of the muscles in the wall of one of the arteries that supplies blood flow to heart muscle
coronary artery spasms
112
widow maker is a massive heart attack that occurs when the ___ is totally or almost completely blocked
left anterior descending artery
113
inflammation of a vein; discolored skin, inflammatory swelling and acute edema below the obstruction; idiopathic; can occur after a surgical operation or childbirth
phlebitis
114
assure a unidirectional flow of blood through the heart; when they are open blood flows forward; when they are closed a heart chamber fills with blood
valves
115
occurs when a valve does not close tightly; leaky valve worsens; heart works harder; loss blood to the body
valvular insufficiency
116
a bacterial infection that occurs in the lung tissue; infection causes tissue to die, and pus collects in that space
lung abscess
117
the compound used to give movie popcorn its buttery flavor; can lead to a form of pneumoconiosis known as popcorn lung
diacetyl
118
an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs; air sacs may fill with fluid or purulent material; causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing
pneumonia
119
an inflammatory bowel disease that causes long lasting inflammation and ulcers in the digestive tract; affects the innermost lining of the large intestin and rectum
ulcerative colitis
120
serious liver infection; transmitted by blood, semen, or other bodily fluids through contaminated needles or syringes and sexually transmitted diseases; develops slowly and can last from two to six months
hepatitis B
121
yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes caused by excessive buildup of bilirubin in blood; typically caused by obstruction of the bile duct, by liver disease, or by excessive breakdown of red blood cells
jaundice
122
the leading cause of cancer death in the US, among both men and women; claims more lives each year than do colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers combined
lung cancer
123
a chronic lung disease; the tiny air sacs at the end of the airways in the lungs are damaged; walls break down and the sacs become larger; larger air sacs move less oxygen into the blood
emphysema
124
the formation or presence of gallstones
cholelithiasis
125
a disease of the lungs due to inhalation of certain kinds of dust, characterized by inflammation, coughing, and fibrosis; called an occupational lung disease; usually take years to develop
pneumoconiosis
126
inflammation of the peritoneum usually caused by a bacterial or fungal infection; impacts the silk like membrane that lines the inner abdominal wall and covers the organs within the abdomen
peritonitis
127
inflammation of the voice box; hoarseness, cough, difficult, or labored breathing when crust is thick and accumulated on vocal cords
laryngitis
128
known as miner's lung and caused by breathing in coal dust
black lung disease
129
diverticula is an abnormal sac or pouch formed at a weak point in the wall of the colon but it is most typical in the ___, the s shaped segment of the colon in the left lower part of the abdomen
sigmoid colon
130
a muscle below the lungs; flattens to draw air in (inhale) then rises to exhale
diaphragm
131
a narrowing of the opening from stomach to the first part of the small intestine; blocking food from reaching the small intestine; usually appears within three to five weeks after birth
pyloric stenosis
132
pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; usually leads to enlarged liver, abnormalities of the joints
bronze diabetes
133
inflammation and pain in the throat
pharyngitis
134
a condition in which part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the wall of the cavity it (often involving the intestine at a weak point in the abdominal wall)
hernia
135
most common type of liver cancer
hepatocellular carcinoma
136
small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon; usually harmless but overtime can develop into colon cancer
polyps
137
a medical condition in which part of the intestine folds into the section immediately ahead of it; typically involves the small bowel and loss commonly the large bowel; can cause bowel obstruction
intussusception
138
a membrane consisting of a layer of tissue that lines the inner side of the chest cavity and a layer of tissue that surrounds the lungs
pleura
139
a complete or partial collapse of a lung or lobe of a lung, develops when the tiny air sacs within the lung become deflated
atelectasis
140
an infectious bacterial disease characterized by the growth of nodules in the tissues, especially the lungs; bacteria are spread from one person to another through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes
tuberculosis
141
a neurodegenerative disorder marked by cognitive and behavioral impairment that significantly interferes with social and occupational function
Alzheimer's disease
142
inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord; most cases in the US are caused by a viral infection; also caused by bacterial and fungal infections; can be life threatening and require emergent antibiotic treatment
meningitis
143
a deadly virus spread to people from the saliva of infected animals usually through an animals bite; once a person starts exhibiting signs and symptoms, the disease is nearly always fatal
rabies
144
inflammation of the bladder; most commonly due to bacterial infections (urinary tract infection); less commonly due to radiation therapy, feminine hygiene spray, spermicidal jellies, or long term us of a catheter
cystitis
145
inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys; responsible for removing excess fluid, electrolytes, and waste from the bloodstream and passing them into the urine
glomerulonephritis
146
sometimes called a mini stroke; happens when blood flow to part of the brain is blocked or reduced, often by a blood clot; lasts a short time then the blood flows again and the symptoms go away
transient ischemic attack
147
welling of the kidney resulting from the inability of urine to drain from the kidney into the bladder
hydronephrosis
148
inflammation of the brain most commonly due to a viral infection; symptoms include, but are not limited to, confusion, hallucinations, seizures, partial paralysis, and loss of consciousness; infants may exhibit bulging in the fontanels of the skull
encephalitis
149
inflammation of the renal pelvis; can be caused by E. Coli or other pyogenic bacteria; commonly occurs in young children particularly females
pyelitis
150
the formation of kidney stones present in the urinary system
nephrolithiasis
151
inflammation of the spinal cord
myelitis
152
occurs when a clot or a mass clogs a blood vessel and obstructs and cuts off the blood flow to brain cells due to atherosclerosis; responsible for 87% of all strokes
ischemic stroke
153
the term for kidney stones
renal calculi
154
uremia is a toxic condition associated with renal insufficiency and is produced by retention of ___ substances in the blood
nitrogenous
155
a degenerative brain disorder that leads to dementia and ultimately death; rapid deterioration, idiopathic; may be transmitted by contact with infected tissue (during a transplant or eating contaminated meat); rapidly progressive and always fatal (death within one year)
creutzfeldt jacob disease
156
a collective term used to describe various symptoms of cognitive decline, such as forgetfulness; a symptom of several underlying diseases and brain disorders
dementia
157
a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbances, loss of consciousness, or convulsions; associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain
epilepsy
158
results from a weakened vessel that ruptures and bleeds into the surrounding brain; blood accumulates and compresses the surrounding brain tissue
hemorrhagic stroke
159
a potentially disabling disease of the brain and spinal cord; the immune system attacks the protective sheath that covers nerve fibers and causes communication problems between the brain and the body; can permanently damage the nerves
multiple sclerosis
160
a disease in which malignant cells from in tubules of the kidney; generally affects individuals between the ages of 50 and 70; can be in one or both kidneys
renal cell carcinoma
161
viral skin infection that results in round, firm, painless bumps; spread through contact with infected person or object
molluscum contagiosum
162
undescended testicle into scrotum; can move to its proper position on its own or it can be relocated by surgery
cryptorchism
163
female pelvic inflammatory disease that affects the ovaries; caused by a bacterial infection, usually the result of a sexually transmitted disease
oophoritis
164
usually caused by a naturally occurring fungus called candida albicans; itching is the main symptom; might also present with a white, thick discharge that resembles cottage cheese
yeast infection
165
the tube that stores sperm and connects the testicles to the vas deferens
epididymis
166
a pregnancy in which the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus
ectopic pregnancy
167
a potentially dangerous pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, most often the liver and the kidneys
preeclampsia
168
a sac filled with fluid that forms around a testicle; most common in babies; older boys and adult men can develop it if they have inflammation or injury within the scrotum
hydrocele
169
a sac like growth, contains structures such as hair, fluid, teeth, or skin glands that can be found on or in the skin; not tender unless ruptured; usually occur on the face, inside the skull, on the lower back, and in the ovaries
dermoid cysts
170
walnut shaped, surrounds neck of bladder and urethra in males; partly muscular and partly glandular; ducts open into prostatic portion of urethra; secretes thin slightly alkaline fluid that forms part of seminal fluid
prostate gland
171
inflammation of the fallopian tubes
salpingitis
172
infection that can cause greenish yellow, sometimes frothy discharge which is caused by a parasite and is commonly transmitted by sexual intercourse
trichomoniasis
173
a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit
exophthalmos
174
scar tissue that develops between bone ends causing the ends to fuse
ankyloses
175
occurs due to abnormally high levels of the hormone cortisol; the body produces too much over a long period of time
cushing's syndrome
176
inflammation of the bursae; the shoulder joint is most affected
bursitis
177
softening or decalcification of bone in adults; muscular weakness, weight loss and pain in bones; femur, pelvis, and spine are the bones most affected; vitamin D deficiency and inadequate calcium or phosphorus in diet
osteomalacia
178
a disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones; a rare condition; caused by disruptions to the adrenal glands, thus preventing normal secretions of corticosteroids
addisons disease
179
inflammation of the bone marrow; affects principally children and adolescents whose bones are still growing; long bones (ex. femur, humerus, and tibia) most frequently affected
osteomyelitis
180
most common type of cancer that starts in the bones; occurs most often in children and young adults; starts in areas where the bone is growing quickly, such as near the ends of the leg or arm
osteosarcoma
181
a sideways curvature of the spine from an unknown cause; patient has uneven shoulders, one shoulder blade appears to be more prominent than the other; uneven waist, and one hip is higher than the other
scoliosis
182
a tiny crack in a bone caused by repetitive stress or force, often from overuse; also known as a stress fracture
hairline fractures
183
a disorder in adults in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone; usually due to a pituitary gland tumor; can lead to unusual physical features and medical complications; changes in physical appearance can be dramatic
acromegaly
184
a congenital disease due to absence or deficiency of normal thyroid secretion, characterized by physical deformity, dwarfism, and mental retardation
cretinism
185
a rare disorder that occurs when the kidneys pass an abnormally large volume of urine that is dilute and colorless; kidneys are not able to conserve water; excessive thirst that can cause an uncontrollable craving for water; can urinate up to 16 quarts a day (vs 3 quarts for a healthy adult)
diabetes insipidus
186
a disease that prevents the body from properly using the energy from the food that one consumes; characterized by an absence of insulin; glucose cannot enter cells, cells are deprived of their nutrients; there is an excess of glucose in the bloodstream
diabetes mellitus
187
increased porosity of the bone; makes bone abnormally fragile; part of the aging process; related to estrogen level reduction after menopause
osteoporosis
188
a medical or genetic condition that causes someone to be considerably shorter than an average person; there are two main types (proportionate and disproportionate) and more than 300 conditions that cause this (most are genetic)
dwarfism
189
abnormally high linear growth due to excessive action of insulin like growth factor I (IGF-I) while the epiphyseal growth plates are open during childhood
giantism
190
a swelling in the neck resulting from an enlarged thyroid gland; lack of iodine in ones diet is the most common cause
goiter
191
an autoimmune disorder; condition in which a goiter develops and the entire thyroid gland hypertrophies; facial expression is strained and tense, stare in the eyes; most common in young women
graves disease
192
refers to any condition in which there is too much thyroid hormone produced in the body; overactive; antibodies react to a thyroid antigen stimulating hyperactivity of thyroid
hyperthyroidism
193
an under active thyroid gland that cannot make enough thyroid hormone to keep the body running normally
hypothyroidism
194
term for severely advanced hypothyroidism; also used to describe skin changes
myxedema
195
most serious and crippling form of joint inflammation; chronic inflammatory disease for which there is no cure; begins with inflammation of the synovial membrane; lines all joints, hands, and feet
rheumatoid arthritis
196
adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands; caused by severe bacterial infection; characterized by the abrupt onset of fever, petechiae, septic shock, and disseminated intravascular coagulation
waterhouse - friderichsen syndrom
197
a disorder of bone growth that prevents the changing of cartilage to bone; particularly in long bones of the arms and legs; characterized by dwarfism; limited range of motion at the elbows; affected person has a large head size and small fingers
achrondoplasia
198
derived from B cells or T cells; can arise in the lymph nodes as well as other organs; median age of patients is 60
non-hodgkins lymphoma
199
a confined pocket of pus that collects in tissues, organs, or spaces inside the body; can be painful and warm to touch, can appear anywhere on the body
abscess
200
inflammation of the walls of the lymphatic vessels; occurs when bacteria or viruses enter the lymphatic channels; most common is acute streptococcal infection
lymphangitis
201
an itchy inflammation of the skin; causes dry, itchy skin and rashes on the face, inside the elbows and behind the knees, and the hands and feet; not contagious
eczema
202
abnormal enlargement of the spleen; usually doesn't cause symptoms
splenomegaly
203
thalassemia; the most serious type of skin cancer; develops in the cells that give the skin its color (melanocytes); very high tendency to spread to other parts of the body; cure rates depend really on the stage
malignant melanoma
204
a usually noncancerous disorder of pigment producing skin cells commonly called birth marks or moles
melanocytic nevus
205
a condition in which skin cells build up and form scales and itchy, dry patches; a chronic disease that often comes and goes
psoriasis
206
a skin condition that occurs when hair follicles plug with oil and dead skin cells; often causes whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples
acne
207
a bacterium that causes a bacterial infection usually spread by sexual contact; starts as a painless sore
treponema pallidum
208
a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes; common in people between 20 and 40 and those over 55
hodgkins lymphoma
209
disease of the lymph nodes in which they are abnormal in size, number, or consistency; sign of viral and bacterial infections
lymphadenopathy
210
inflammation of the tonsils; caused by common virus
tonsilitis
211
a skin condition that causes scaly patches and red skin, mainly on the scalp; for infants the condition is known as cradle cap and causes crusty, scaly patches on the scalp
seborrheic dermatitis
