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Final exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Bioavailability and things impacting

A

Amount of active drug in body.
1st pass effect: amount after kidneys
IV gives most availability

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2
Q

Black cohosh use

A

menopause symptoms

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3
Q

echinacea use

A

immune support

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4
Q

Ginger use

A

nausea, motion sickness

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5
Q

Pharmacokinetics order

A

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

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6
Q

physiological changes in the elderly

A

reduced mass, decreased metabolism/organ function/excretion

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7
Q

Saw. palmetto use

A

prostate, BPH

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8
Q

St john’s wort use

A

Depression (mild)

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9
Q

therapeutic index

A

Safe and effective range
Want a high/wide index for safety

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10
Q

Acyclovir I, MOA

A

I: herpes simplex, Chicken pox, shingles
MOA: anti-viral

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11
Q

Cephalexin CI

A

CI: Penicilin allergy (Cephalosporin, Beta lactam)

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12
Q

Efavirenz

A

HIV, NNRTI

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13
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

HIV, Fusion (entry inhibitor)

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14
Q

Lopinavir

A

protease inhibitor, HIV

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15
Q

Metronidazole MOA, I, CI

A

MOA: Anti-bacterial and anti-protozoal
I: Vaginal trichomosis
Ci: Alcohol

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16
Q

Nystatin MOA, I

A

MOA: Anti-fungal
I: Oral thrush

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17
Q

Tetracycline AE

A

photosensitivity

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18
Q

Vancomycin MOA, AE

A

MOA: Antibiotic
AE: Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

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19
Q

Vancomycin Monitor

A

Peaks/trough
kidney
hearing
infusion reaction

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20
Q

azathioprine I

A

Chron’s

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21
Q

Bone Marrow Suppression

A

Fatigue, Infection, bleeding/bruising

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22
Q

Cyclophosphamide AE

A

Blood in urine (give with mesna)
Hemorrhagic cystitis

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23
Q

cyclosporine I, AE

A

I: Prophylaxis of organ transplant (prevent rejection)
AE: Cancer (lymphoma), hypertension, infection, BMS

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24
Q

Doxorubicin AE, monitor

A

Heart failure, monitor EKG

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25
Interferon I
I: hep B, viral infection
26
Live vaccines and CI
MMR, Varicella, Rotovirus CI: Immunocompromised/pregnant
27
Rhogam I
(B- blood type)RH- in pregnant women, prevents Moms anibodies from attacking fetal growth
28
Tamoxifen AE
DVT (pain redness/ swelling in legs)
29
Vincristine AE
Peripheral neuropathy
30
Baclofen I, Special
I: Muscle spasms, in parkinsons, Cerebral palsy Special: taper to prevent seizures
31
Alcohol withdrawal treatment
Clonidin (decrease BP)
32
Bupropion I, CI
I: Smoking cessation and depression, CI: seizure risks
33
Diazepam Class, I
Class: Benodiazepine I: prevent seizures w/ alcohol withdrawal
34
Ibuprofen AE
AE: GI upset, Peptic ulcer disease (heart burn) NSAID
35
Smoking cessation options
Varenicline, buproprion
36
Levodopa/carbidopa MOA, AE
MOA: increase dopamine AE: Psychosis, hallucinations
37
Opioids AE
AE: Nausea, puritis, constipation Overdose AE: Sedation, pinpoint pupils, decreased respirations (morphin)
38
Sumatriptan I, CI, MOA
I: Migrain CI: chest pain = stop medication MOA: Vasoconstriction
39
Varenicline I
Smoking cessation
40
Carbamazepine I, AE
I: epilepsy, bipolar AE: Bone marrow suppression
41
Clozapine Monitor, AE
Monitor: Neutrophils & leukocytes AE: Extrapyramidal symptoms
42
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Dystonia: Involuntary muscle contractions Parkinsonism : brady-kinesia, rigidity, tremors Akathisia: inner restlessness Tardive dyskinesia: involuntary repetitive movements (stooped posture, lip movement, restlessness)
43
Lithium monitor
TSH (thyroid), Kidney (creatinen), Sodium, lithium levels
44
Methylphenidate Monitor, I
Monitor: sleep, appetite (weight) I: ADHD
45
Phenelzine Avoid
Red meats, wine, aged cheese, over ripe fruit
46
phenytoin I, AE, monitor
I: epilepsy AE:Nystagmis Monitor: levels
47
alendronate I, Special, AE
I: osteoporosis Educate: Stay upright 30 minutes, full glass of water to prevent esophageal ulcers AE: jaw changes
48
AE of second generation anti-psychotics
Weight gain, hyperglycemia
49
colchicine MOA, I
MOA: reduce white blood cells » reduced inflamation I: acute gout
50
Alopurinol I
prophylaxis of gout
51
hydroxychloroquine I, monitor
I: rhematoid arthritis Monitor: Eyes, autoimmune disorders
52
isotretinoin I, Monitor
I: achne Monitor: Kidney, Liver pregnancy, cbc, total cholesterol, suicidal ideation
53
Mupirocin I
I: impetigo
54
Atropine Class, I, AE
Class: Cholinergic antagonist I: Cholinergic overdose (pesticides, organophosphates), excessive oral secretion AE: Dry up, tachycardia (DUCCT)
55
Bethanechol I, AE
I: Urinary retention AE: wheezing (respiratory issues)
56
Epinephrine AE
Sympathetic Nervous system, natural release, bronchodilation, paplitations, Glucose release, decreased GI increased HR
57
Norepinephrine
Sympathetic nervous system, peripheral vasoconstriction, increase BP
58
Oxybutynin I
I: urinary incontinence (urge)
59
Succinylcholine AE
Malignant hyperthermia (fever, increased HR, sweating)
60
Glipizide I, AE
I: Type II diabetes, AE: hypoglycemia
61
Levothyroxine I, AE
I: hypothyroidism AE: palpitations, tachycardia, tremors, (hyperthyroidism)
62
Metformin I, AE
I: type II diabetes AE: lactic acidosis, GI upset
63
Prednisone MOA, AE, I
MOA: coricosteroids AE: hypertension, thin skin, osteoporosis, weight gain, hyperglycemia, hypocalemia I: inflammation
64
propylthiouracil I, Special, monitor
I: Hyperthyroidism special: safe in pregnancy, increase risk of infection Monitor: TSH, increased WBC
65
Lispro aspart Class, time
Class: Rapid insulin Time: 15 minutes before meal
66
NPH Class, time
Class: intermediate insulin Time: 2x daily
67
Glargine Class, time
Long acting Once per day
68
Regular insulin class
short acting
69
Alteplase MOA, I, CI
Clot buster (fibrolytic, dissolves all clots) I: ischemic stroke, MI CI: Major trauma, bleeding
70
Clopidogrel MOA, I
MOA: Inhibits platelet aggregation I: Previous MI (stent)
71
Filgrastim MOA, I
Increase neutrophils I: decreased WBC
72
Heparin Monitor
APTT
73
Warfarin MOA, Monitor
MOA: Vitamin K clotting factor antagonist, stop formation of new ones Monitor: INR
74
Medications that increase bleeding risk
Alteplase clopidogrel heparin Warfarin
75
betamethasone I
Mature fetal lungs in per-term delivery
76
Clomiphene I, AE
I: Infertility AE: twins/tripplets
77
Estrogens I, CI
I: menopause, prevention of osteoporosis, W/ progesterone for contraceptive CI: Breast cancer, Smoking
78
Finasteride I, special
I: BPH Special: does not cause orthostatic hypotension
79
Magnesium sulphate I, AE
I: Delay preterm labor, Asthma, dysrhythmias (hypertension, prevent seizures in eclamplsia) AE: Muscle weakness in high dose
80
Misoprotosol I, AE
I: peptic ulcer disease AE: uterine contractions
81
Oxytocin I
Induce labor
82
Progesterone AE
Break through bleeding
83
Sildenafil AE, CI
AE: hypotension CI: nitroglycerin, grapefruit juice
84
Tamsulosin I, AE
I: BPH AE: orthostatic hypotension, 1st dose phenomena
85
Terbutaline I, AE
I: asthma AE: palpitations
86
Testosterone AE
Worsen acne
87
Ethinyl esteradiol/ norethindrone I
I: cystic acne, contraceptive, menopause, osteoporosis (related to estrogen)
88
Diuretic medications
Furosemide, hydrocholorthiazide spironolactone
89
Furosimemide AE:
hypokalemia, ototoxicity (tinitis, IV)
90
Hydrochlorothiazide AE, CI
AE: Hypokalemia CI: Gout (increase uric acid) Sulfa allergy
91
Spironolactone MOA, AE
MOA: potassium sparring diuretic AE: hyperkalemia
92
Mannitol I, Monitor
I: increased ICP Monitor: potassium, EKG
93
Sodium bicarbonate I
I: acidocis, hyperkalemia
94
Acetyl cysteine I
I: acetaminophen OD, Protect kidneys from contrast dye, Cystic fibrosis (thin secretions)
95
Albuterol I, MOA
I: quick relief bronchodilator asthma, Beta agonist
96
Beclomethasone inhaler Special
Rinse mouth
97
Diphenhydramine MOA, AE
MOA: 1st gen histamine AE: sedation
98
Phenylephrine MOA, Special
MOA: decongestant nasal spray Special: use 3-5 days only to prevent rebound congestion (same with psuedophedrine)
99
Ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone I
I: ottis externa (ear)
100
Latanoprost MOA, I
Moa: increase outflow of aqueous humor I: open angle glaucoma
101
Metoclopramide AE
Parkinsons symptoms
102
Omeprazole MOA,
MOA: decrease production of gastric acid
103
Ondansetron I, AE, Monitor
I: chomo N/V AE: QT prolongation Monitor: EKG
104
Orlistat I, AE
I: weight loss AE: oily stool, fecal urgency
105
Peptic ulcer disease triple therapy
Omeprazol, clarithromycin, amoxacilin (antibiotics)
106
Sucralfate MOA
MOA: coat lining of stomach
107
Atrovastatin AE
AE: muscle pain (myopathy)
108
Cholestyramine ae
AE: Decrease in Vitamin ADEK (fat soluble)
109
Digoxin AE
AE: vomiting, visual disturbances
110
Diltiazem Class, AE
Class: Calcium channel blocker AE: decreased HR (verapamil)
111
Metoprolol MOA, AE
MOA: beta blocker AE: decrease heart rate
112
Nitroglycerin AE
Dizziness
113
Ramipril Class, AE
Class: ace inhibitor AE: dry cough
114
Reproductive medications (12)
finasteride magnesium sulphate misoprostol oxytocin sildenafil tamsulosin terbutaline progesterone testosterone betamthasone climiphene estrogens
115
antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals (9)
acyclovir cephalexin efavirenz enfuvirtide lopinavir metronidazole nystatin tetracycline vancomycin
116
immunomodulators (8)
Azathioprine Cyclophosphamide * Cyclosporine * Doxorubicin * Interferon beta * Rhogam * Tamoxifen * Vincristine
117
alcohol, pain, abuse (8)
* Baclofen * Bupropion * Diazepam * Ibuprofen * Levodopa/carbidopa * Opioids * Sumatriptan * Varenicline
118
mental health (6)
Carbamazepine * Clozapine * Lithium * Methylphenidate * Phenelzine * Phenytoin
119
bone and skin (5)
Alendronate * Colchicine * Hydroxychloroquine * Isotretinoin * Mupirocin
120
adernergic and cholinergic (6)
Atropine * Bethanechol * Epinephrine * Norepinephrine * Oxybutynin * Succinylcholine *
121
endocrine (5)
Glipizide * * Levothyroxine * Metformin * Prednisone Propylthiouracil
122
blood thinners (5)
Alteplase * Clopidogrel * Filgrastim * Heparin * Warfari
123
cardiovascular (7)
Atorvastatin * Cholestyramine * Digoxin * Diltiazem * Metoprolol * Nitroglycerin * Ramipril
124
diuretics and IV(6)
Furosemide * Hydrochlorothiazide * Mannitol * Potassium chloride * Sodium bicarbonate * Spironolactone
125
respiratory (6)
Acetylcysteine * Albuterol * Beclomethasone inhaler * Diphenhydramine * Fexofenadine * Phenylephrine
126
eye and ear (2)
ciprofloxacin/dexamethasone latanoprost
127
gi (6)
Metoclopramide * Omeprazole * Ondansetron * Orlistat * Peptic ulcer disease triple therapy * Sucralfate

0 Pharmacology (8 decks)

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