Final Exam

Question 1

What does the Visceral Motor Nervous System control?

3 Items

Answer 1

• Glands
• Cardiac Muscle
• Smooth Muscle

Question 2

What does the ANS regulate to maintain homeostasis?

3 Items

Answer 2

• Blood pressure
• Body Temp
• Respiratory Airflow

Question 3

What are the 2 Visceral reflexes?

Answer 3

• Afferent/sensory
• Efferent

Question 4

What do Afferent neurons connect to in the CNS?

Answer 4

Interneurons

Question 5

What do Efferent neurons do?

Answer 5

Carry motor signals to the effectors

Question 6

Explain the process of blood pressure

Visceral Reflex Example

Answer 6

• High BP detected by arterial stretch
• Signal transmitted to CNS
• Efferent signals travel to heart
• Heart slows
• BP reduced

Question 7

What are the 2 divisons of the ANS?

Answer 7

• Sympathetic
• Parasympathetic

Question 8

What does the Sympathetic division of the ANS do?

4 Items

Answer 8

Increases the following:
* Heart rate
* Blood Pressure
* Airflow
* Glucose levels

Question 9

What does the Parasympathetic division of the ANS do?

Answer 9

Calms body and assists in waste elimination

Question 10

What is the Presynaptic neuronal cell body called?

Answer 10

Preganglionic

Brain or Spinal Cord

Question 11

What is the Postsynaptic neuronal cell body called?

Answer 11

Postganglionic

Peripheral Ganglion

Question 12

What is the origin of Thoracolumbar neurons?

Preganglionic Neurons

Answer 12

Gray matter of T1-L2

Question 13

What are the variety of pathways of preganglionic fibers called?

Answer 13

Sympathetic Chain Ganglia

Question 14

How does Convergence work in neuronal networks?

Answer 14

Many neurons send signals to a single neuron

Question 15

How does Divergence work in a neuronal network?

Answer 15

One neuron sends signals to many neurons

Question 16

What is the origin of Craniosacral neurons?

Preganglionic neurons

Answer 16

Brainstem and S2-S4

Question 17

What are clusters of nerve bodies located close to a target organ called?

Answer 17

Terminal Ganglia

Question 18

Where is the Enteric Nervous System located?

Answer 18

Digestive tract

Question 19

What are the 3 categories of receptors?

Answer 19

• Nicotinic
• Muscarinic
• Adrenergic

Question 20

Where are Nicotinic receptors located?

Answer 20

Synapses between the pre and post synaptic neurons

Also NMJ’s of skeletal muscle

Question 21

What do Nicotinic and Muscarinic receptors react to?

Answer 21

Acetylcholine

Question 22

What type of response does Nicotinic receptors have?

Answer 22

Excitatory

Question 23

Where are Muscarinic receptors located?

Answer 23

All parasympathetic target cells and some sympathetic target cells

Question 24

What type of response does Muscarinic receptors have?

Answer 24

Excitatory or Inhibitory

Question 25

Where are Adrenergic receptors located?

Answer 25

Sympathetic target cells

Question 26

What does Adrenergic receptors respond to?

Answer 26

Norepinephrine

Question 27

What type of response do Adrenergic receptors have?

Answer 27

Inhibitory or Excitatory

Question 28

What are the 2 subcategories of Adrenergic receptors?

Answer 28

Alpha and Beta | A1, A2, B1, B2 ## Footnote A2 presynaptic A1, B1, B2 postsynaptic

Question 29

In the **sympathetic** divison, what are the sizes of the ganglionic axons? | Effector organ, sweat glands

Answer 29

Short preganglionic Long postganglionic

Question 30

In the **parasympathetic** divison, what are the sizes are the axons?

Answer 30

Short postganglionic Long preganglionic

Question 31

What is dual innervation?

Answer 31

Organs receiving both **antagonistic** and **cooperative** effects

Question 32

What are antagonistic effects?

Answer 32

Effects that oppose each other

Question 33

What are cooperative effects?

Answer 33

When effects from 2 divisions act in a unified effect