Final Exam

Question 1

Factors in decreased…

• HR (2)
• SV (3)
• AV difference (5)

Answer 1

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Question 2

• 3 factors of postural hypotension

- 5 ways exercise can decrease resting BP in elderly

Answer 2

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Question 3

What is FEV and FVC - how do they change with age? What 3 other lung volumes change?

Answer 3

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Question 4

• Sex differences between men and women with age in…height, weight, BMI
• Why does %BF increase despite a plateau in BW in middle age?

Answer 4

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Question 5

4 advantages of exercise vs. Dieting alone.

Answer 5

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Question 6

-Define sarcopenia

T or F: proximal muscles used daily, ECC and slow velocity contraction strength is better preserved with age
T or F: there is an increase in # of MUs due to collateral innervation

Answer 6

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Question 7

How is muscle power measured in elderly? (3 tests)

Answer 7

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Question 8

What are threshold values or critical thresholds?

Answer 8

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Question 9

5 reasons for increased strength post-resistance exercise in elderly

Answer 9

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Question 10

3 mechanisms for endurance gains in older adults

Answer 10

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Question 11

Duration of resorption and remodelling in bone (specific # of days and/or months)

Answer 11

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Question 12

Differentiate osteoporosis and osteopenia

Answer 12

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Question 13

3 hormones involved with bone changes with age (primarily women)

4 mechanisms at which exercise induces bone formation

Answer 13

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Question 14

3 reasons why women are more prone to osteoporosis

Answer 14

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Question 15

What is osteoarthritis? How can exercise affect it?

Answer 15

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Question 16

Outer tunic (2)
Vascular tunic (3)
Nerve tunic (1)

Differentiate AH and VH.

Answer 16

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Question 17

4 general changes in the eye with age

Specific changes in: sclera, cornea, ciliary body, VH, iris, and lens

Answer 17

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Question 18

Describe each: presbyopia, glaucoma, cataracts, senile macular degeneration, detached retina.

Answer 18

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Question 19

Structures:
External ear (2) 
Middle ear (2)
Inner ear (3)

Age related changes in each

Answer 19

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Question 20

Describe and explain mechanisms of: presbycusis, tinnitus, deafness (2 types), dizziness

Answer 20

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Question 21

T or F: # of taste buds do not decrease but there is a decreased number or sensitivity of receptor cells in the nasal cavity

Answer 21

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Question 22

Differentiate SRT, CRT and VRT (+age related changes)

Answer 22

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Question 23

T or F: exercisers have a quicker CT, MT, and PMT, independent of TRT.

Answer 23

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Question 24

4 theories of slower RTs in elderly

Answer 24

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Question 25

T or F: Movement is independent of RT but not initiation of the movement

Answer 25

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Question 26

3 compensations for loss of coordination with age,

Answer 26

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Question 27

T or F: seniors have a higher rate of car accidents and mortality due to accidents

Answer 27

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Question 28

What is not included in driving requirement for elders: renewal every 4 years, vision test, group education session, screening exercise and road test

Answer 28

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Question 29

T or F: cutaneous sensation decreases along with joint and muscle proprioception

Answer 29

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Question 30

Other 2 factors related to balance: leg strength and _________ (flexed posture, co-contraction and frozen DoF by stiffening)

Answer 30

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Question 31

Posture's 3 mechanisms and changes with age - monosynaptic or spinal reflexes - righting reflexes - synergistic motor response

Answer 31

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Question 32

Describe gait of an older adult.

Answer 32

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Question 33

T or F: Only 10-20% of >65 year olds will fall at least once in a year T or F: strongest RF for falls = balance

Answer 33

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Question 34

6 features of a faller

Answer 34

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Question 35

Cognitive function: hypoperfusion (2) vs. Hyperperfusion (1)

Answer 35

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Question 36

T or F: HT causes vessel damage but is unrelated to cognition

Answer 36

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Question 37

T or F: those who exercised 3x/week had a 35% lower risk of getting dementia

Answer 37

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Question 38

4 direct effects on primary aging, fitness and cognition

Answer 38

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Question 39

Why is it difficult to differentiate ST and LT effects of exercise on emotional function?

Answer 39

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Question 40

4 factors of emotional function

Answer 40

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Question 41

4 physiological explanations for PA's effects on emotional function. 4 psychological effects?

Answer 41

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Question 42

What the 4 degrees of prevention?

Answer 42

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Question 43

Arteriosclerosis vs. Atherosclerosis Athero in coronary artery can lead to....(3)

Answer 43

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Question 44

PA as 1P of IHD

Answer 44

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Question 45

Strokes - 2 types, risk increase (per decade), PA as 1P,

Answer 45

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Question 46

HT - most common form, PA as 1P, PA as 3/4P...why is better than drugs? (4)

Answer 46

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Question 47

PVD - what is intermittent claudication? 2 main concerns with this? Surgical intervention?

Answer 47

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Question 48

6 complications of an elderly amputee

Answer 48

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Question 49

T or F mild-moderate intensity exercisers are more likely to make better health habits than moderate-severe

Answer 49

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Question 50

3 reasons why OB is a concern to elderly. How can exercise help with OB (3)

Answer 50

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Question 51

3 health risks with DM

Answer 51

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Question 52

DM - 1P and 3/4P. Concerns with exercise in elderly diabetic (4)

Answer 52

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Question 53

Common forms of cancer in the sexes (4 for each)

Answer 53

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Question 54

Cancer - which 2 forms are most responsive to exercises and how/why (4 mechanisms for each?

Answer 54

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Question 55

T or F: 3 hrs/week of walking was sufficient to prevent recurrence of colon cancer Which study found that 3-5 hrs/week of exercise was sufficient for BC?

Answer 55

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Question 56

What is compression of morbidity?

Answer 56

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Question 57

3 components of physical health. Define well being, self-concept, and self-esteem.

Answer 57

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Question 58

T or F: increased cardiac risk in exercisers

Answer 58

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Question 59

3 stages of development of PAGs

Answer 59

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Question 60

Universal exercise recommendation in all PAGs

Answer 60

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Question 61

- What are the max/average life spans? - Primary vs. Secondary aging? - 5 factors of increased LE - 5 factors of population pyramid changes (which one being most critical)

Answer 61

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