Final Exam: Biochemistry

Question 1

What are the unique properties of water

Answer 1

1) covalent bond
2) hydrogen bond
3) polar bond
4) universal solvent
5) cohesion
6) adhesion
7) surface tension
8) heat capacity

Question 2

Covalent bond

Answer 2

Electrons are shared by atoms
- ex: the bonds within a water molecule that hold the oxygen to the hydrogen atom

Question 3

Hydrogen bond

Answer 3

Type of bond between water molecules
(Ex: holds together DNA molecules)

Question 4

Polar bond

Answer 4

a covalent bond between two or more atoms when the atoms have different levels of electronegativity (unequal electrons)

Question 5

Universal Solvent

Answer 5

Ability to dissolve many different solutes

Question 6

Cohesion

Answer 6

Attracted to other water molecules
(Ex: process of capillary action)

Question 7

Adhesion

Answer 7

Attracted to non water molecules
(Ex: facilitates the cohesion of cell membranes)

Question 8

Surface tension

Answer 8

Water’s resistance to external force
(Ex: water striders and other insects can travel)

Question 9

Heat capacity

Answer 9

water is very resistant to changes in temperature

Question 10

Why does ice float in water

Answer 10

solid form of water (ice) is more dense than its liquid form
- hydrogen bonds push themselves farther apart when frozen —> lowers density

Question 11

What are the four macromolecules and what are they made of

Answer 11

Carbohydrates (C, H, O)
Lipids (C, H, O)
Proteins (C, H, O, N, )
Nucleic acids (C, H, O, N, P)

Question 12

Carbohydrates: elements

Answer 12

C, H, O
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 13

Lipids: elements

Answer 13

C, H, O
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 14

Proteins: elements

Answer 14

C, H, O, N
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

Question 15

Nucleic Acid: elements

Answer 15

C, H, O, N, P
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus

Question 16

Explain the relationship between a monomer and a polymer

Answer 16

Monomer: single, smaller unit of the molecule
Polymer: larger molecule, string of monomers

Question 17

Carbohydrates: monomer, polymer

Answer 17

Monomer: monosaccharide
Polymer: polysaccharide

Question 18

Lipids: monomer, polymer

Answer 18

Monomer: fats and glycerol
Polymer: fats, oils, waxes, fat-soluble vitamins, phospholids

Question 19

Proteins: monomer, polymer

Answer 19

Monomer: amino acid
Polymer: polypeptide

Question 20

Nucleic Acids: monomer, polymer

Answer 20

Monomer: nucleotide
Polymer: nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, and ATP)

Question 21

Contains genetic information, found in the nucleus of the cell

Answer 21

Nucleic acid

Question 22

Coconut oil, butter, corn oil, animal lard

Answer 22

Lipid

Question 23

monomer is amino acids, polymer is polypeptides

Answer 23

Protein

Question 24

Sugars, cellulose, starches, glycogen

Answer 24

Carbohydrate
(saccharide = sugar)

Question 25

Nonpolar substance, hydrophobic

Answer 25

Lipid

Question 26

Nucleotides are the monomer that make up DNA and RNA

Answer 26

Nucleic acids

Question 27

monomers are monosaccharides, polymers are polysaccharides

Answer 27

Carbohydrates

Question 28

controls reaction rates, regulate cell processes

Answer 28

Proteins (Enzymes)

Question 29

Define hydrolysis

Answer 29

the process of breaking down polymers into monomers

Question 30

Draw a simple model of hydrolysis

Question 31

Define dehydration synthesis

Answer 31

Combining monomers to create a polymer

Question 32

Draw a simple model of dehydration synthesis

Question 33

What is an enzyme

Answer 33

organic catalyst that speeds up a reaction without being entered into it itself

Question 34

What macromolecule is an enzyme

Answer 34

Protein

Question 35

Draw an enzyme and label the following: enzyme, active site, substrate

Question 36

What does it mean when an enzyme denatures

Answer 36

when an enzyme loses its shape and no longer fits

Question 37

What factors can cause an enzyme to denatured

Answer 37

changes in pH or temperature can cause denaturing