FINAL EXAM CHAPTER 11 Lipids Flashcards
What are the five classes of lipids?
- Free fatty acids : A common fuel
- Triacylglycerols : Storage form of fatty acids
- Phospholipids : Membrane lipids
- Glycolipids : Membrane lipids composed in part of carbohydrate
- Steroids : Polycyclic hydrocarbons with a variety of functions
What is the fatty acid chain length and what is the impact on the melting temperature ?
Usually contain 16 to 18 carbons.The Melting temperature is dependent on the length of fatty acid chain. But a double bond in the chain causes the melting temperature to drop.
what does this mean for a FA chain18:1 (D9)
This means that there are 18 carbons and one of them is a double bond and the Delta 9 means that the 9th carbon counting from the carbonyl end has the double bond.
What is the nomenclature of FA chains and how does numbering work?
-Carbon atoms 2 and 3 are referred to as alpha and beta respectively
-FA can also be numbered from the methyl carbon atom, called the omega carbon which is the opposite side of the carboxyl end
-FA carbon atoms are usually numbered from the carboxyl terminal end
What is the structure and use of storage form of the Triacylglycerols?
-Three FAs are esterified to one molecule of Glycerol
-They stored until energy is needed , and then they are released.
What is saponification?
process of making soap
What are the three common types of membrane lipids?
- Phospholipids
- Glycolipids
- Chloesterol
What four components are phospholipids composed of?
-Fatty acids(2 or more)
- A platform
- A phosphate
- An alchohol
if a phospholipid is built on a sphingosine platform what are they called?
Sphingolipids
Where is it common to find Sphingolipids?
Myelin sheath of nerve cells
What do Glycolipids contain ?
-Carbohydrate
Where is the carbohydrate component of Glycolipids found and what role do they play?
-Extracellular surface of the cell membrane
- Role in cell-cell interactions
What is the simplest Glycolipids?
Cerebrosides
What are Steroids composed of?
-Built on Tetracyclic platform consisting of three cyclohexane rings and a cyclopentane ring fused together
What is a Phosphoglyceride?
It is a Phospholipid with a glycerol platform
