FINAL EXAM CHAPTER 6 Enzyme

Question 1

Why do we need Enzymes?

Answer 1

Because they can accelerate the rate of a reaction by factors of as much as a million or more

Question 2

How do enzymes catalyze specific reactions?

Answer 2

By using the proteolytic enzymes trypsin and papain and they both have different degrees of specificity

Question 3

What are the 6 classes of Enzymes?

Answer 3

Oxidoreductases
Transferases
Hydrolyases
Lyases
Isomerases
Ligase

Question 4

What do oxidoreductases catalyze?

Answer 4

-Catalyze oxidation-reaction reactions

Question 5

What do the Transferases enzyme help with?

Answer 5

Move functional groups between molecules

Question 6

What do Hydrolyases enzyme help with?

Answer 6

They cleave bonds with the addition of water

Question 7

What do Lyases enzyme help with ?

Answer 7

Remove atoms to form double bonds or add atoms to double bonds

Question 8

What do Isomerases enzyme help with?

Answer 8

Move functional groups within a molecule

Question 9

What do Ligases help with?

Answer 9

Join two molecules at the expense of ATP

Question 10

What is an enzyme called with a cofactor and without a cofactor?

Answer 10

Cofactor: Holoenzyme
Without Cofactor: Apoenzyme

Question 11

What are prosthetic groups?

Answer 11

Tightly bound enzymes

Question 12

What is free energy?

Answer 12

A measure of energy capable of doing work

Question 13

Do enzymes effect the free energy and Keq?

Answer 13

They enzymes don’t alter free energy or Keq. They cant change if the reactions happen or not. They simply make the certain reaction faster

Question 14

In an exergonic reaction, How much energy input is required and is it spontaneous and what is the Delta G value +/-?

Answer 14

-Reaction will occur without the input the energy
-It will be spontaneous
-ONLY IF DELTA G IS NEGATIVE

Question 15

In an endergonic reactions , How much energy input is required and is it spontaneous and what is the Delta G value +/-?

Answer 15

-The reaction will not occur
-THE DELTA G IS POSITIVE

Question 16

IF the reaction is at equilibrium, How much energy input is required and is it spontaneous and what is the Delta G value +/-?

Answer 16

-There is no net change in the amount of reactant or product
-DELTA G =0

Question 17

What is DELTA G dependent on?

Answer 17

The free energy difference between reactants and products and is independent of how the reactions occurs

Question 18

What information does the DELTA G provide about the rate of the reaction?

Answer 18

-It provides no information about the rate of the reaction

Question 19

What effect does a more exergonic reaction have on the equilibrium constant?

Answer 19

it will result in a larger equilibrium constant

Question 20

What effect does a more endergonic reaction have on the equilibrium constant?

Answer 20

It will result in a smaller equilibrium constant

Question 21

When Delta G is positive does it favor substrates(reactants) or products?

Answer 21

Substrates (reactants)

Question 22

what effect do the enzymes have on the formation of the transition state ?

Answer 22

It helps facilitate the formation of the transition state. and the units used is ΔG‡
(delta g not prime)
IN the transition state the activation energy is brought down by enzymes also

Question 23

What is an active site?

Answer 23

A particular region of the enzyme where enzymes bring substrates together to form an enzyme substrate complex

Question 24

What are some common features of the active site?

Answer 24

1. its a three dimensional cleft or crevice created by AA from different parts of the primary structure
2. Constitutes a small portion of the enzyme volume
3. Create unique microenvironments

4.Interaction of the enzyme and substrate at the active site involves multiple weak interactions

5. Enzyme specificity depends on the molecular architecture at the active site

Question 25

What is an Induced fit?

Answer 25

This is when a enzyme changes shape upon substrate binding.