FINAL EXAM CHAPTER 21 the protein motive force Flashcards
What Contributes to proton motive force?
the proton gradient that is generated by the oxidation of NADH and FADH2
Why do protons want to flow back into the matrix?
To find equilibrium
What two components is the ATP synthase made of?
F0 component
F1 component
What does the F1 component consist of?
-Active sites and it protrudes into the mitochondrial matrix
-each enzyme has three active sites located on the three β subunits
What does the F0 component consist of?
Embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and contains the proton channel
What does the y subunit do ?
Connects the F1 and F0 components
What do the alpha and beta subunits do?
The alpha subunits may be involved in regulation of ATP synthase activity
The beta subunits contribute to catalytic sites
What are the three forms of the beta subunit and what does each mean?
-Open form
Nucleotides can bind to or be released from the beta subunit
-Loose form
Nucleotides are trapped in the beta subunit
-Tight form
ATP is synthesized from ADP and Pi
How/why do the beta subunits alternate?
The rotation of the y subunit causes the alternation of the beta subunits
How does the c ring affect the rotation of the entire complex?
The c ring powers the movement of Y subunit, which in turn alters the conformation of the beta subunits
What are the two shuttles that are used to transfer NADH from cytoplasm to mitochondrial matrix ?
-Glycerol 3-phosphate shuttle
-Malate-aspartate shuttle
Where is the glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle used?
In muscles
Where is the malate aspartate shuttle used and what does it consist of?
-In the heart and liver
-Two membrane transporters and four enzymes
What is ATP and ADP translocate ?
It enables the exchange of cytoplasmic ADP for mitochondrial ATP
How much and how is ATP produced in aerobic conditions?
Pyruvate enters the citric acid cycle and undergoes oxidative phosphorylation leading to the net production of 32 ATP molecules
