Final Exam: Digestive homework questions Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
Smallest salivary gland
A
Sublingual gland
2
Q
Mixed salivary gland, but primarily serous producing
A
Submandibular gland
3
Q
Largest salivary gland
A
Parotid gland
4
Q
Salivary gland that produces the most saliva
A
Submandibular gland
5
Q
Salivary gland most affected by mumps
A
Parotid gland
6
Q
Salivary gland that is entirely serous producing
A
Parotid gland
7
Q
Salivary gland that is mixed, but primarily mucus producing
A
Sublingual gland
8
Q
Salivary gland that produces the least amount of saliva
A
Sublingual gland
9
Q
Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain large blood vessels?
A
Submucosa
10
Q
Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain a surface epithelium?
A
Mucosa
11
Q
Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain normal muscle pattern?
A
Mucosa
12
Q
Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain dense connective tissue?
A
Submucosa
13
Q
Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain a lamina propria made of loose connective tissue?
A
Mucosa
14
Q
Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain a myenteric plexus
A
Muscularis externa
15
Q
Which major luminal wall layer will typically contain a submucosal plexus?
A
Submucosa
16
Q
Which layer consists of connective tissue inside (away from lumen) of the Muscularis externa?
A
Adventitia
17
Q
Which layer consists of an edge of squamous cells inside (away from lumen) of the muscularis externa?
A
Serosa
18
Q
Name the surface epithelium for the esophagus
A
Stratified squamous
19
Q
Name the surface epithelium for the stomach
A
Simple columnar
20
Q
Name the surface epithelium for the duodenum
A
Simple columnar
21
Q
Name the surface epithelium for the jejunum
A
Simple columnar
22
Q
Name the surface epithelium for the ileum
A
Simple columnar
23
Q
Name the surface epithelium for the Colon (all parts)
A
Simple columnar
24
Q
Name the surface epithelium for the Appendix
A
Simple columnar
25
Name the surface epithelium for Barret's esophagus
Mucus secreting simple columnar
26
Where are esophageal cardiac glands found within the esophagus and what do they produce?
- Lamina propria of mucosa
| - Produce neutral mucus to protect esophageal epithelium
27
Where are esophageal proper glands found within the esophagus and what do they produce?
- Submucosa
| - Produce slightly acidic mucus to lubricate movement of food
28
What is unique about the muscularis externa of the esophagus?
Upper 1/3 = all skeletal muscle,
Middle 1/3 = both smooth and skeletal muscle;
Lower 1/3 = All smooth muscle
29
Which is found next to the muscularis externa in the esophagus: Serosa, or adventitia?
- Primary adventitia
| - Except the last 1-2 inches of the esophagus after the diaphragm, at that point it becomes serosa.
30
Identify which are physiological sphincters & anatomical sphincters:
1) Pharyngoesophageal sphincter
2) Gastroesophageal sphincter
3) Lower esophageal sphincter
4) Ileocecal valve/ sphincter
```
1-3 = Physiological sphincters
4 = Both anatomical and physiological sphincter
```
31
Name the 2 characteristics of a true anatomical sphincter?
1) Well developed inner circular layer of muscle in the muscularis externa.
2) Inner circular layer in Muscularis externa can be independently controlled.
32
Which stomach cell produces pepsinogen?
Chief cells
33
Which stomach cell produces thick visible mucus?
Surface mucus cells
34
Which stomach cell produces HCl?
Parietal cells
35
Which stomach cell produces gastrin?
DNES cells
36
Which stomach cell produces soluble mucus?
Neck mucus cells
37
Which stomach cell produces gastric lipase?
Chief cells
38
Which stomach cell produces intrinsic factor?
Parietal cells
39
Which stomach cell produces hormones (in general)?
DNES cells (Type D and Type EC)
40
Primary function of the stomach
Storage
41
Does the stomach possess serosa, adventitia, or both?
All serosa
42
What is structurally unique about the muscularis externa of the stomach?
It may have 3 muscle layers at some locations (Innermost oblique sometimes, middle circular well developed, and a thin outer longitudinal layer)
43
Which type of gland occupies most of the stomach?
Gastric glands
44
What is the function of secretin?
Stimulates pancreas secretion of bicarbonate from pancreatic ducts, inhibits HCl release and the movement of chyme into the small intestine
45
What is the function of cholecystokinin?
Stimulates gall bladder contraction and pancreatic enzyme secretion from serous acini
46
What cell type produces secretin and cholecystokinin?
DNES cells
47
Functions of the enterocytes
1) Absorb water and nutrients 2) Terminal digestion in glycocalyx
48
Where are paneth cells found specifically and what do they do?
- Bases of crypts in mucosa of the small intestine.
| - They produce lysozyme
49
Where are lacteals found specifically and what do they do?
- Villus core of lamina propria of the small intestine.
| - They are important for most lipid absorption
50
What are lacteals?
Lymphatic capillaries
51
Which organ of the small intestine has Peyer's patches in the submucosa?
Submucosa of the ileum
52
Which organ of the small intestine has Brunner's glands in the submucosa?
Submucosa of the duodenum
53
Which organ of the small intestine has no structures of significance in the submucosa?
Submucosa of the jejunum
54
What are Peyer's patches?
Groups of regularly occurring large lymph nodules
55
What do Brunner's glands produce and why?
1) Alkaline mucus that functions in neutralizing chyme.
| 2) Urogastrone that functions to inhibit HCl secretion and increase mitosis of epithelial cells.
56
Does the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum possess serosa, adventitia or both? Consider each part separate
- Duodenum- 1st and last 1-2 cm are serosa, rest is adventitia.
- Jejunum- all serosa. --Ileum- all serosa.
57
Does the appendix possess serosa, adventitia, or both?
Serosa only
58
Does the appendix have Peyer's patches?
No
59
Does the appendix have DNES cells?
No to infrequent
60
Does the appendix have crypts?
Short
61
Does the appendix have villi?
No
62
Name 2 possible functions for the appendix
1) Humoral immunity (“Abdominal tonsil”)
| 2) Reservoir for good bacteria
63
Primary function of the colon
Absorption of water
64
Does the colon have paneth cell?
No
65
Does the colon have DNES cells?
Very few
66
Does the colon have normal pattern muscularis externa?
No
67
Does the colon have Peyer's patches?
No
68
Does the colon have villi?
No
69
Does the colon have crypts?
Yes
70
The outer longitudinal muscle in the colon is called the:
Teniae coli
71
Does the following possess serosa, adventitia, or both?
1) Sigmoid colon
2) Transverse colon
3) Ascending colon
4) Descending colon
```
1-2 = Serosa
3-4 = Adventitia
```
72
How are the appendices epiplocicae created in the colon?
Created by serosa
73
How are the haustra coli created in the colon?
Constant tonus of teniae coli results in saculations called haustra
74
Identify the part of the tooth that mineralizes to become dentin
Predentin
75
Identify the cells of the tooth that produce enamel
Ameloblasts
76
Identify the cells of the tooth that produce dentin
Odontoblasts
77
Identify the area of vascular connective tissue interior to the cells that produce dentin in the tooth
Dental papilla
78
Identify the cells of the tooth not found on erupted teeth
Ameloblasts
79
Which type of oral mucosa is found on the cheeks?
Lining mucosa
80
Which type of oral mucosa is found on the gingiva?
Masticatory mucosa
81
Which type of oral mucosa is found on the underside of the tongue?
Lining mucosa
82
Which type of oral mucosa is found on the hard palate?
Masticatory mucosa
83
Which type of oral mucosa is found on the dorsum of the tongue?
Specialized mucosa
84
Which type of oral mucosa is found on the soft palate?
Lining mucosa
85
Which type of oral mucosa is found on the lips?
Lining mucosa
86
Name the surface epithelium for the vermillion border of the lips
Keratinized stratified squamous
87
Name the surface epithelium for the soft palate
Generally nonkeratinized stratified squamous, occasionally parakeratinizied stratified squamous
88
Name the surface epithelium for the filliform papillae of the tongue
Keratinized stratified squamous
89
Name the surface epithelium for the cheeks
Generally nonkeratinized stratified squamous, occasionally parakeratinized stratified squamous
90
Name the surface epithelium for the ginigiva
Keratinized stratified squamous or Parakeratinized stratified squamous
91
Name the surface epithelium for the floor of the mouth
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous
92
Name the surface epithelium for the vallate papillae
Stratified squamous
93
Name the surface epithelium for the hard palate
Keratinized stratified squamous or Parakeratinized stratified squamous
94
Name the surface epithelium for the underside of the tongue
Generally nonkeratinized stratified squamous, occasionally parakeratinized stratified squamous
95
What and where are Von Ebner glands?
Small salivary glands associated with circumvallate papillae located in the mucosa of the tongue
96
What is the function of tongue intrinsic muscles?
Change shape of the tongue
97
What are the names of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- Superior longitudinal muscles
- Vertical muscles alternating with Transverse muscles
- Inferior longitudinal muscles
