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Natural History of Vertebrates > FINAL EXAM DINOSAURS > Flashcards

FINAL EXAM DINOSAURS Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

laurasiatheria

A
  • 7 extinct orders
  • 1: order chiroptera.. vampire bats
  • 2: order carnivora
  • 3: order perissodactyla
  • 4: order cetartiodactyla
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2
Q

Order carnivora

A

cats, dogs, bears, weasels, skunks, seals, walruses

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3
Q

order perissodactyla

A
  • odd toed hoofed mammal
  • rhinoes, horses, zebras
  • digest cellulose in intestine
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4
Q

order cetartiodactyla

A
  • artiodactyla
  • even toed hoofed mammals
  • camels, pigs, cows, hippos
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5
Q

devonian period

A
  • precursor for all major fish groups present
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6
Q

late devonian extinction

A
  • 80% all marine species extinct
  • hypothesis:
  • asteroid
  • rise of plants/phytoplankton… eutrophication (low O2)
  • volcanic activity
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7
Q

tetrapod/amphibin origins

A
  • association with late devonian extinctions
  • fish to tetrapod
  • evodevo: hox genes + limb development
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8
Q

transitions needed to make land dwelling tetrapod

A
  • fins to limb
  • water to land body and jaw
  • water to air breathing
  • water to air hearing
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9
Q

kenichthys

A
  • early devonian period
  • sarcopterygian
  • external and internal nostrils
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10
Q

eusthenopteron

A
  • middle devonian period
  • sarcopterygian
  • internal nostrils
  • limbs with distinct humeroud, ulna, radius
  • femur, tibia, fibula
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11
Q

elpistostege

A
  • middle devonian period
  • oldest digits
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12
Q

pandrichthyes

A
  • middle devonian period
  • limbs with digits
  • stronger shoulders
  • transitional ear
  • hyomandibula
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13
Q

tiktaalik

A
  • late devonian period
  • fisha pod
  • terrestrial like front limbs
  • flexible neck, hyomandibula, fully free of jaw
  • flexing jaw
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14
Q

acanthostega

A
  • late devonian
  • all limbs and digits well developed
  • hyomandibula fully in ear - stapes
  • aquatic tail
  • no vertebral column arch
  • small lungs and gills
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15
Q

ichthyostega

A
  • late devonian
  • able to walk on land
  • arched back
  • strong ribs
  • small lungs
  • small gills
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16
Q

emergence of new body plan in carboniferous tetrapods

A
  • distinct terrestrial characteristics
  • limbs
  • snout/jaws enlarge
  • fish scales disappear
  • stapes in ear
  • arched back
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17
Q

carboniferous period

A
  • large amphibian abundance and diversity
  • age of amphibians
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18
Q

gerobatrachus (permian period)

A
  • frogamander
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19
Q

reptilomorphs

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A
  • carboniferous
  • where amnion allows independence from water reptiles begin to morph
  • doesnt fossilize well
20
Q

casineria

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A
  • early carboniferous
  • amphibian skull
  • reptile limbs
21
Q

solenodonsaurus

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A
  • carboniferous period
  • eggs in terrestrial nests
22
Q

synapsida and sauropsida

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A
  • two reptile groups
  • synapsid:
    1 TF, air movement via diaphragm, alveolar lungs, 2 way air flow
  • sauropsida:
    0-2 TF (anapsida, diapsida)
    air movement via air sac, gizzard, faviolar lungs, 1 way air flow
23
Q

oldest sauropsids

Study These Flashcards
A
  • hylonomus paleothyris
  • full reptilian bone structure
  • many terrestrial nests
  • anapsids
  • look like modern lizards
24
Q

petrolacosaurus

Study These Flashcards
A
  • petrolacosaurus:
  • oldest fossil record
  • nocturnal
  • small sharp teeth
  • insects inside them
25
permiam triassic extinction event
- great dying - 90% of all organisms dying - volcanic activity... siberian traps... - high CO2, CH4 and H2S in atmosphereq
26
ichthypterygia, sauropterygia
- ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs - triassic - ichthy: similar body plan and lifestyle as dolphins, viviparous - plesio: heavy body, limbs paddle like, long neck, fish eaters
27
archosaurs
- late permian period - ruling reptile - large skull fenetrae for large muscle - serrated teeth - femus trochanter: muscle attachment, indicative of bipedalism
28
pterosauria
- late triassic - winged lizard - elongated 4th finger - keeled sternum - pneumatized bones
29
Dinosaurs
- ornithischia (bird hip) and Saurischia (reptile hip)
30
Ornithischia
- medium sized herbivores - bipedal herbivores - duck billed dinosaurs
31
saurischia
- sauropods: large herbivores - theropods: bipedal carnivores
32
Dinosaur extinction when?
66 mya cretaceous-paleogene boundary (K-Pg) : the major extinction event, 70% of all plants and animals
33
asteroid hypothesis: What caused the extinction?
- asteroid - Luis and Walter Alvarez... iridium in earth soil, result of asteroid - gulf of mexico, evidence of huge wave action - chicxulub crater: crater is 110m wide, 12 miles deep
34
What killed living things when the asteroid struck?
- short term: (s to days) earth quakes, global heat pulse, tsunami - medium term (m to y) debris ejected, caused 90% sun decrease, temp decreased 20 deg C - long term: (dec to cen) CO2 from limestone, cause greenhouse effect and sulfur
35
volcanic activity: Deccan Plateau of India
- CO2 increased due to increase in Volcanic activity - created the Deccan traps
36
Reptile to mammal transition
- posture: reptile is sprawled... to upright mammal - reduction in lower jaw bone - teeth differentiation - middle ear: one to 3 bones - jaw articulation: quadrate connect to articular bone (reptile)... squamosal connect to dentary (mammal)
37
Synapsids
- 1 TF - makes skull lighter - more attachment points
38
Earliest synapsids
- pelycosaurs mammal like: canines, no scales (smooth), eccrine glands reptile like: multiple bones in lower jaw, one middle ear bone, jaw articulation, sprawled - highly vascularized sails for thermoregulation
39
Therapsids
- incisors, canines, premolars, molars - hair - bones: highly vascularized... endothermy - erect limb posture, body held high allows for avoidance of carriers constraint (squeezing lungs and air back n forth when running) - large herbivores and predators
40
cynodonts
- full teeth differentiation - fewer lower jaw bones - vibrisse - nasal turbinates: structures in nasal passages - high diversity
41
Mammaliaformes
- triassic - size reduction - morganucodon - hadrocodium
42
morganucodon
- morgie: mouse sized - tree climber - double jaw articulation: -articular- quadrate (reptilian) squamosal-dentary (mammalian) - teeth growth rings
43
hadrocodium
- oldest fossil with 3 middle ear bones - full mammalian jaw articulation - eggs
44
Eutherians
- Juramaia Sinensis - Eumaia
45
Juramaia Sinensis
- oldest known eutherian - mammalian characterstics, NOT placental
46
Eumaia
- "dawn mother" - full mammalian characteristics - placenta
47
Eutherian Radiation
- rapid diversification after K-pg

Natural History of Vertebrates (6 decks)

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