FINAL EXAM TRANSITIONS Flashcards
1
Q
Geological time
A
- eras: longest intervals
- periods
- epochs: shortest intervals
2
Q
Where does evidence come from?
A
- 1: fossils: geological time, morphology, function, paleogenomics: genetic material from fossils
- 2: modern animals : morphology, molecular (genomics)
3
Q
Molecular phylogenetics
A
- evolutionary relationships based on genomic sequences
4
Q
Key transitions
A
- non chordate to chordate
- early chordate to fish
- jawless to jaws
- limbless to limbs
- non amniotic to amnion
- dinosaurs
- reptile to bird
- reptile to mammal
5
Q
chordate origins
A
- deuterostomes
- common ancestors with :
echinoderms
hemichordates
tunicates
6
Q
Evodevo
A
- inferring evolutionary relationships based on development
7
Q
Urochordates (tunicates) and Neoteny
A
Neoteny: gain sexual maturity while retaining larval characteristics
where earliest chordates may have come from
8
Q
Earliest vertebrate fossils
A
- cambrian period: haikuichthys, haikouella, myllokunmingia
- china
- 3 cm long
- cartilage vertebrae, gills, brain, notochord, heart
9
Q
first fossil fish
A
- ostracoderms
- ordovician period
- 10-50 cm long
- bony vertebrae
- notochord
- jawless
- lateral lines
10
Q
Evolution of jaws
A
- advantage of jaws: greater variety of food
- originated from gill bone structures (evodevo data)
- skeletal rod support gills: bone jaw
11
Q
acanthodians
A
- oldest jawed fossils
- silurian period
- spiny sharks.. not sharks
12
Q
placoderms
A
- silurian period
- large jawed fishes
- plates
- pairs pelvic fins
- oldest fossil with premaxilla, maxilla, dentary bones
- oldest with evidence of myelin on neurons
