Final Exam Lecture 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Plasma Oncotic Pressure of Afferent Arteriole/Glomerular Capillaries Beginning
A
28 mmHg
2
Q
Plasma Oncotic Pressure in Middle of Glomerular Capillaries
A
32 mmHg
3
Q
Plasma Oncotic Pressure in the End of the Glomerular Capillaries/Beginning of Efferent Arteriole
A
36 mmHg
4
Q
Hydrostatic/Hydraulic/Physical Fluid Pressure of Tubule/Bowman’s Capsule
A
18 mmHg
5
Q
Plasma Osmotic Pressure of Tubule/Bowman’s Capsule
A
0 mmHg
6
Q
NFP in Tubule/Bowman’s Capsule
A
10 mmHg
7
Q
Normal GFR
A
125 mL/min
8
Q
End of Efferent Arteriole Hydrostatic/Hydraulic/Physical Fluid Pressure
A
18 mmHg
9
Q
Peritubular Capillaries Hydrostatic/Hydraulic/Physical Fluid Pressure
A
13 mmHg
10
Q
Peritubular Capillaries Plasma Oncotic Pressure
A
32 mmHg
11
Q
Renal Interstitium Interstitial Fluid Colloid Osmotic Pressure
A
15 mmHg
12
Q
Renal Interstitium Hydrostatic Pressure
A
6 mmHg
13
Q
NFP of Peritubular Capillaries
A
-10 mmHg
14
Q
Reabsorption Pressure of Peritubular Capillaries
A
10 mmHg
15
Q
What % of materials are absorbed by the kidneys?
*What % is excreted
A
99%
*1-2%
16
Q
What is the blood flow to the kidneys in mL/min?
A
1100 mL/min
17
Q
What is the blood flow to the kidneys in L/min
A
1.1L/min
18
Q
What % of Total Blood Flow to the kidneys is the GFR
A
10%
19
Q
Low and High Limits for Renal Autoregulation
A
50-150 mmHg
20
Q
What is a normal urine output?
A
1 mL/min
21
Q
What is a normal Filtration Fraction [FF]
A
19-20%
22
Q
What is the formula for Filtration Fraction?
A
GFR/RPF
23
Q
How do you calculate RPF?
*Give normal Values
*What is a normal RPF
A
If HCT is 0.40, the math is 0.60 x 1100 mL/min = 660
*660
24
Q
What does GFR = ?
*Equation with values
A
GFR = Kf * NFP
GFR = 12.5 * 10 mmHg
25
In the kidney, what is the control point for normal filtration and blood flow?
The Afferent Arteriole
26
If you have decreased blood flow to the kidney, what will the afferent arteriole do?
Dilate to increase the blood flow
27
If you have increased blood flow to the kidney, what will the afferent arteriole do?
Constrict to decrease blood flow and prevent overperfusion
28
The further you go into the glomerular capillaries, what happens to plasma colloid pressure?
*Why
It increases as you filter more fluid, so the colloids become more concentrated
29
Why is there no Plasma Oncotic Pressure in the Tubule/Bowman's Capsule?
The kidney does not filter out proteins
30
Which vessel has the highest vascular resistance in the kidney?
The efferent arteriole
31
What structure fine tunes the GFR if needed?
the Efferent Arteriole
32
If your GFR is low, what will the efferent arteriole do?
*Value for low GFR
It will constrict to promote more filtration = increase GFR
*<125 mL/min
33
If your GFR is high, what will the efferent arteriole do?
*Value for high GFR
It will dilate/relax to promote less filtration
*>125 mL/min
34
What is the formula for Excretion?
*What is excretion
*Units
Excretion = Filtration-Reabsorption + secretion
*Removal in urine
*mL, mol, mg over time
35
What is Secretion?
*Which ion takes this route in excess
Physically pumping things into the tubule to get rid of
*K+
36
What is the Pathway for Secretion?
Peritubular Capillaries - Renal Interstitium - Cells - Tubule
37
What is the pathway for reabsorption
Fluid in tubule - cells on tubule wall - renal interstitium - peritubular capillaries
38
What is the pathway for Filtration
Glomerular Capillaries - Renal Tubules
39
What happens in the Peritubular Capillaries?
Lots of reabsorption
40
Name 2 things located within the renal interstitium
Ions/electrolytes and Proteins
41
Name the Pathway of Reabsorption, starting with PT
Peritubular Capillaries - Renal Vein - Systemic Circulation
42
What is Filtration with Partial Reabsorption?
*Which molecule follows this path
*Why
Filters and partially absorbs the molecule, then excretes the rest
*Na+ follows this; we have an increased Na+ in our diet, so the body reabsorbs what it needs and excretes the rest
43
What is Filtration, Complete Absorption
*Which molecule follows this route
*Why
The molecule is filtered out and completely reabsorbed
*Glucose follows this route b/c we do not have glucose in the urine
44
What is Filtration, Secretion
*How do we test for this
*Why do we test for this
The molecule is filtrated and all of it is secreted
*We give Paramino Hippuric Acid to the patient
*To determine a pt's renal blood flow
45
The body will manipulate which structure for autoregulation of blood flow and filtration?
The Afferent Arteriole
46
If you have a + glucose test in urine, what could the 2 issues be?
High BSG or something wrong with the glucose transport system
47
If we have a decreased PAH in CL, what does that mean for renal blood flow?
Decreased renal blood flow
48
If we have an increased PAH in CL, what does that mean for renal blood flow?
We have increased renal blood flow
49
True or False: The endothelium of the glomerular capillaries is less permeable than a normal endothelium?
False; it is more permeable than normal
50
What are fenestrations within the renal glomerular endothelium
Specialized openings
51
True or False: The Epithelium provides increased support for the glomerular capillaries, as it needs to withstand high pressures
True
52
What is the Glomerular Capillary Basement Membrane
*What Charge does it have
Connective tissue with a (-) charge
53
How do Podocytes help the glomerular capillaries?
*What other group of cells are they similar to?
Help with glomerular swelling, keep surface area in check, and help glomerular capillaries from rupturing due to high renal blood pressure [>100 mmHg]
*Very similar to Astrocytes in BBB
53
What happens do Glomerular Capillaries with increased Renal Blood Pressure?
They rupture/fall apart
54
What happens with constriction of the Afferent Arteriole?
*Talk Renal Blood Flow
*Talk Glomerular Capillary Pressure
*Talk GFR
Decreased Renal Blood Flow
Decreased Glomerular Capillary Pressure
Decreased GFR
55
What happens with Dilation of the Afferent Arteriole?
*Talk Renal Blood Flow
*Talk Glomerular Capillary Pressure
*Talk GFR
Increased Renal Blood Flow
Increased Glomerular Capillary Pressure
Increased GFR
56
What happens with constriction of the Efferent Arteriole?
*Talk Renal Blood Flow
*Talk Glomerular Capillary Pressure
*Talk GFR
Decreased Renal Blood Flow
Increased Glomerular Capillary Pressure
Increased GFR
57
What happens with Dilation of the Efferent Arteriole?
*Talk Renal Blood Flow
*Talk Glomerular Capillary Pressure
*Talk GFR
Increased Renal Blood Flow
Decreased Glomerular Capillary Pressure
Decreased GFR
58
Which structure is MOST important for autoregulation of GFR and renal blood flow?
Afferent Arteriole
59
Which structure is MOST important for fine tuning GFR
Efferent Arteriole
60
If GFR is <125 mL/min, what does this mean in terms of filtration?
Less Filtration is being done
61
If GFR is >125 mL/min, what does this mean in terms of filtration?
More filtration is being done
62
What is the formula for Urine Output
GFR - Reabsorption
63
Which combination of size and charge would result in the least amount of filtering?
Large and (-) charged
64
Which combination of size and charge would result in the most amount of filtering?
Small and (+) charged
65
Name 5 molecules that have lower MW and are "easily" filtered
H2O, Na, Glucose, Inulin [maybe also myoglobin]
66
What is Inulin?
Synthetic compound that is similar to creatinine; injected to find more accurate GFR
67
In a Lower MAP around 50 mmHg, which is better at auto-regulating: GFR or Renal Blood Flow?
Renal Blood Flow is better autoregulating at a lower MAP
68
In a higher MAP around 150 mmHg, which is better at auto-regulation: GFR or Renal Blood Flow?
Both are good, but GFR AR is better
69
As MAP increases, what happens to Urine Output?
*Why
It increases, as your kidney tries to lower your BP by decreasing volume
70
As MAP decreases, what happens to Urine Output?
*Why
It decreases, as your kidney tries to raise your BP by increasing volume
71
If your MAP was high, and did not have any AR of GFR, what would happen to your urine output?
Urine output would be extremely high, which would be counterproductive as your body is sending blood to damaged areas, but also ridding the body of fluid at the same rate
72
What would you see in an increased Filtration Fraction?
*Talk Efferent Arteriole
*Talk Fluid Filtration
*Talk Colloid Osmotic Capillary Pressure
Constriction
*Increased Fluid Filtration
*Increased Colloid Osmotic Capillary Pressure
73
What would you see in a decreased Filtration Fraction?
*Talk Efferent Arteriole
*Talk Fluid Filtration
*Talk Colloid Osmotic Capillary Pressure
Dilation
*Decreased Fluid Filtration
*Decreased Colloid Osmotic Capillary Pressure
