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Neuroanatomy 1- PCCF tri 1 > final exam (old content) > Flashcards

final exam (old content) Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

commissure tracts/fibers

A

white matter that connects contralateral hemispheres

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2
Q

association fibers/tracts

A

white matter that connects different areas of the same hemisphere

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3
Q

projection fibers/tracts

A

white matter that connects the cortex w/other areas in the CNS

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4
Q

frontal lobe function

A

voluntary movement, expressive language, executive function, inhibition, emotional expression (high cognitive function)

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5
Q

parietal lobe function

A

spatial mapping, attention, reading, math, assign meaning (sensory perception + integration)

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6
Q

temporal lobe function

A

recognition of language, object recognition, encoding long term memories (primary auditory cortex)

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7
Q

occipital lobe function

A

visual processing

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8
Q

brodmann’s area 4, 6

A

primary motor cortex

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9
Q

brodmann’s area 3, 1, 2

A

primary somatosensory

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10
Q

brodmann’s area 41

A

primary auditory

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11
Q

brodmann’s area 17

A

primary visual

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12
Q

brodmann’s area 44

A

broca’s area

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13
Q

brodmann’s area 22

A

wernicke’s area

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14
Q

epidural space

A

potential space superficial to dura mater

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15
Q

subdural space

A

potential space deep to dura mater and superficial to arachnoid mater

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16
Q

subarachnoid space

A

actual space between arachnoid + pia mater

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17
Q

CSF flow

A

lateral ventricles > interventricular foramen of monro > 3rd ventricle > cerebral aqueduct > 4th ventricle > lateral foramen of luschka/medial foramen of magendie > central canal

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18
Q

ectoderm gives rise to?

A

neural tissue/skin

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19
Q

mesoderm gives rise to?

A

musculoskeletal systems

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20
Q

endoderm gives rise to?

A

gut

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21
Q

what guides neurulation?

A

notochord

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22
Q

what does the remnant of the notochord become in the adult human?

A

nucleus pulposus

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23
Q

neural crest cell derivatives? (dammmess)

A

dorsal root ganglion, adrenal medulla, melanocytes, meninges, macroglia, enteric ganglia, sympathetic ganglia, schwann cells

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24
Q

anterior spinal artery

A

feeds the thoracic cord + anterior portion of the spinal cord

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25
posterior spinal arteries
paired posterior spinal arteries
26
artery of adamkiewicz
dominant segmental feeding vessel to the thoracic cord
27
what kind of neurons are pseudounipolar neurons
sensory neurons
28
what kind of neurons are bipolar neurons
special sensory neurons
29
what kind of neurons are multipolar neurons
motor neurons
30
what allows a nerve to conduct more quickly?
diameter and myelin
31
macroglial cells
oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells
32
oligodendrocytes
produce myelin in the CNS
33
astrocytes
stimulate tight junctions. blood brain barrier in CNS
34
ependymal cells
produce CSF in ventricles + act as neural stem cells
35
microglia cells function
brain development, maintenance of neuronal networks, injury repair
36
microglia cell example
phagocytes
37
schwann cells
makes myelin in the PNS
38
endoneurium
connective tissue layer that surrounds axons
39
fascicle
group of axons
40
nerves
bundle of axons located in the PNS
41
tracts
bundle of axons located inside the CNS
42
perineurium
protective sheath covering fascicles
43
epineurium
outermost layer that surrounds a peripheral nerve
44
neuropraxia
local myelin damage
45
axonotmesis
axon severed but endoneurium in tact
46
neurotmesis
complete physiologic disruption of entire nerve trunk
47
what is an action potential characterized by
influx of Na
48
electrical synapses
occur in gap junctions, impulses can be regenerated
49
chemical synapses
slower, NT released from synaptic vesicles, vesicles fuse with axon membrane
50
dural venous sinuses
valveless venous channels that drain blood from the cranial cavity
51
what is the main return for CSF frlow through the arachnoid granulations?
superior sagittal sinus
52
confluence of sinuses is a union of what dural sinuses?
superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus, transverse sinus
53
what is located within the cavernous sinus?
CN III, CN IV, CN V1 + V2, CN VI, internal carotid artery (ICA)
54
cerebellum function
balance/equilibrium, muscle tone, motor learning (coordinating motor function)
55
horizontal fissure
separates the cerebellum into superior and inferior parts
56
primary fissure
separates the anterior and posterior lobes
57
posterolateral fissure
separates the flocculonodular lobe from the posterior lobe
58
anterior lobe of cerebellum function
motor
59
posterior lobe of cerebellum function
sensory
60
superior cerebellar peduncle
efferent pathways to the brain
61
middle cerebellar peduncle
afferent info from the pons
62
inferior cerebellar peduncel
transmits afferent into from the pons
63
dentate nucleus
regulates fine control of voluntary movement, cognition, language, sensory functions
64
interposed nucleus
responsible for coordinating agonist/antagonist movements
65
fastigial nucleus
smallest and most primitive nuclei
66
spinothalamic lesion
UMN + LMN lesion. contralateral loss of pain + temp below level of lesion
67
syringomyelia
UMN lesion. dilation of central canal. loss of pain + temp bilaterally in cape-like fashion
68
central cord syndrome
UMN lesions in upper limbs. caused by hyperextensive injury, cape-like loss of pain + temp
69
ALS
UMN + LMN lesion in 3 of the 4 limbs. no initial sensory loss, affects ventral horns + lateral corticospinal tracts
70
brown sequard syndrome
both UMN + LMN lesion. contralateral loss of pain + temp below lesion, ipsilateral loss of vibration + proprioception, ipsilateral LMN lesion at level of damage, ipsilateral UMN lesion below level of damage

Neuroanatomy 1- PCCF tri 1 (7 decks)

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