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NUR211 > final exam part 2 > Flashcards

final exam part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hacking cough?

A

persistent and dry

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2
Q

How long is a chronic cough?

A

3 weeks.

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3
Q

Expiratory dyspnea

A

wheezing copd associated SOB

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4
Q

R or L HF for paroxismal SOB

A

L

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5
Q

wheezing is caused by what

A

obstruction
inflammation
foreign body
secretion

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6
Q

orthopnea has difficulty breathing while..

A

supine

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7
Q

cheyne

A

Cheyne-Stokes respirations are a gradual increase in depth of respirations, followed by gradual decrease and then a period of apnea.

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8
Q

Kussmaul

A

respirations that are regular but abnormally deep and increased in rate (Thompson, 2018, pg. 210)

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9
Q

Hyperventilation causes increased minute volume which is common in…

A

hyperventilation causes hypocapnia which is common in asthma, metabolic acidosis, pulmonary embolism, anxiety, pulmonary edema

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10
Q

COPD lips are

A

whisling to reduce the work of breathing

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11
Q

Asthma is what

symptoms as well

A

A reactive airway disease

  • mucous
  • narrow bronchi
    -cough, congestion, SOB, wheezing
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12
Q

What is pectus excavatum

A

Funnel
Abdnormally sunken in chest

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13
Q

Pectus carinatum

A

pidgeon
sternum protrudes

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14
Q

Barrel ratio is

A

1:1 AP to transverse ratio

(normal is 1:2)

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15
Q

What is the most reliable way to palpate internal organs

A

deep palpation

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16
Q

What organs are solid in the liver

A

adrenal, kidney, liver, ovaries

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17
Q

The midline of the abdominal exam is

A

aorta, uterus, bladder

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18
Q

When is hyperactive heard

A

gastroenteritis
early intestinal obstruction
laxatives
diarrhea

they are high pitched

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19
Q

Where does paracentesis remove fluid

A

the peritoneal cavity during abdominal or respiratory distress

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20
Q

Where does ammonia come from

A

protein metabolism causing removal of aa
ammonia is converted to urea in the liver

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21
Q

Patient labs show ammonia is abnormally high. What does this indicate?

A

Liver is compromised
impaired portal blood flow

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22
Q

McBurney’s point significance

A

Appendix is long and narrow measuring 1 to 9 inches.

RLQ, 2 cm below the ileocecal valve where mcburneys point is

If it fills with fluid from cecum it can get infected causing appendicitis

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23
Q

Pancreas disorder increases what

A

glucose, because it decreases insulin

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24
Q

Hepatitis symptoms

MC cause

A

abdominal pain
nausea
fatigue
poor appetite

MCC from travel outside the US. Cause by infection

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25
Fiber does what to stool
increases weight softens a bulky stool is easier to pass
26
What is the significance of projectile vomit WITHOUT nausea?
Central medulla stimulation caused by injury or disease
27
Why could an abdomen be distended
Fluid Fat Feces Flatulence Fibroids (non cancer growth) Fetus
28
What kind of stool happens from an obstruction (partial) in the intestine
narrow and long
29
where is the fluid in ascites
In the peritoneal cavity
30
Define pyrosis
heartburn in epigastric area which RADIATES to the THROAT
31
define GERD
* a motility disorder * stomach content goes back into the esophagus * symptoms are heartburn
32
what is the 3rd MC cancer in the US
colon
33
Rec. screening for GI w/ no family hx
* 50-75 *sigmoid Q5 y * colonoscopy q 10 y * barium q 5 y * CT q 5 y
34
What are hemorrhoids exactly?
Dilated veins. They protrude from anus or lower rectum from increased pressure.
35
Hemorrhoids s/s
* Bleeding * Itching * Irritation
36
What part of the hands are essential for fine discrimination
finger pads
37
What can be felt with finger pads
Texture, shape, pulses, crepitus
38
What can RA lead to
joint deformities. mostly affects hands and feet
39
how many things can the skin do
thermoreg sensation perception fluid balance excretion immunity ## Footnote immunity because its a physical barrier excretion (sweat out toxins) fluid bal (sweat out h20 and salt) thermoreg (sweat + hairs on arms)
40
Normal finding for fingernails and nail base
even thickness and 160 degree angle of attachment
41
What temp is normal (cool, warm, etc?)
warm
42
cellulitis
- a bacterial skin infection where the skin appears red and swollen, and feels hot and tender.
43
macule
circle, flat, up to 1 cm. red, brown, white different shapes
44
papule
solid, elevated spot rough texture less than 1 cm pink, red, brown
45
vesicle
raised blood or clear fluid inside less than 0.5 cm ## Footnote herpes
46
Nodule
solid elevated less than 0.5 cm ## Footnote fatty lipoma
47
jaundice
too much bilirubin in blood
48
causes of alopecia
poor nutrition (think opp of preg vitamens) meds (obvious) illness (stress on body) endocrine (hypothyroid) radiation (cancer treatment) aging
49
Folliculitis
inflamed hair follicule face arm legs butt looks like white pustules (pus filled)
50
Seborrhea dermatitis
greasy scales +/- redness can be on face too
51
Tinea capitis
scalp ringworm fungus -scales -hair loss -patches
52
keloid
excessive collagen thick and raised beyond borders
53
excoriation
hollow crusted area exposed dermis complete loss of epidermis
54
erosion
loss of superficial dermis moist and shiny, depressed area ## Footnote like being rubbed raw
55
scar
discolored fibrous tissue appearing over wounds
56
Fissure
Linear break in dermis and epidermis small deep red fissures ## Footnote fungus
57
crust
dried blood, pus, serum NORMAL HEALING
58
scale
flakes off usually but its a collection of dead skin ## Footnote psoriasis
59
causes of a rash
diet stress meds allergies hormones autoimmune **renal** toxic digestion (gluten intolerance) chemicals sun (sunburn) | very broad ## Footnote impaired kidney function leads to a buildup of waste products in the blood, causing itchy skin rashes due to the body's inability to properly filter toxins stress causes inflammation and cortisol tries to oppose the inflammation as a response
60
Nevi
Melanocyte cluster Even pigment Defined border Less than 6 mm Hair can grow them too
61
Psoriasis
Loss of subcutaneous fat. Bruising and capillaries breaking
62
Annular
ring shaped
63
Diffuse
distributed over whole body
64
Localized
discrete area
65
CN 5
sensory and motor sensory nose, mouth, teeth, jaw, forehead, scalp, facial skin
66
CN 6
Abducens
67
CN 7 sensory, motor or both
just motor of facial expressions
68
CN 8
hearing and equilibrium (snail shell plus vestibules)
69
CN 9
motor swallowing
70
CN 10
vagus motor - speak and swallow sensory - pharynx larynx sensory + motor for cardio
71
CN 11
motor only
72
CN 12
motor only tongue
73
Causes of headaches
genetics stress nerve dysfunction meds oversuse lesions less CSF straining
74
Balance
vestibular
75
Romberg tests what
positional sense, cerebellar function, balance, coordination | they look ahead for 30 s then close eyes 30 s
76
what if the cerebellum is damaged
balance and coordination
77
sleep deprivation affects
cerebral function
78
When someone has a TBI, what is decorticate
Decorticate posturing is INTERNAL rotation and ADDuction of the arms with flexion of the elbows, wrists, fingers, plantar surfaces of the feet, and stiff leg extension; indicative of severe brain injury | de- core-ticate ## Footnote arms toward the core
78
stroke fast acronym
Face, Arms, Speech, and Time.
79
What is decerebrate posturing
Decerebrate posturing is arms stiffly extended, adducted, and HYPER PRONATED with hyperextension of the legs and plantar flexion of the feet.
80
Clinical breast exam positions
breasts + axilla seated - arms at side seated - arms above head seated - hands on hips standing - leaning forward
81
What is the best technique for a breast SELF exam
vertical strip and nipple
82
CLINICAL breast exam three techniques
* spiral pattern starting from nipple * outside to inside in wedge sections * vertical strips starting by the sternum and ending at axilla WEAR GLOVES in case of discharge | and educate patient on self exam
83
Why don't males have breasts like women
because testosterone inhibits growth of breasts
84
Describe a normal breast finding
* Round/oval areola * No nipple discharge * No crust * Everted * Striae * no retractions * no dimpling * Uniform skin
85
Who gets mastitis
inflamed red breast from being post partum and breast feeding
85
Who gets a mammo?
* 40-44 by choice annual * 45-54 required **annual** * 55+ required **biannually** stop when death is within 10 yards
85
Where do benign painless lumps come from inside a womans breast
its called fibrocystic breast. it is thickening of tissue associated with hormone levels changing due to menstrual cycle
86
Sign of breast cancer telltale sign
Peau d orange pitting dimpling or swelling | because skin resembles skin of an orange ## Footnote dimpling/pitting looks like the small tiny holes on an orange
87
is breast self exam recommended
no (unless specific exceptions)
88
When MRI used as a SCREENING | screening is for all patients regardless of symptoms
screening high risk only. they dont rely on clinical breast exam anymore since they go straight to MRI
89
Instruction for patient before GYN exam
no sex, douche, or vag creams sprays 24 before
90
what is included in a routine cancer related checkup | males
doctor giving a clinical testicular exam
91
How does a male perform a testicular exam
1st and 2nd fingers below, thumb on top
92
Epididymitis cause
related to an STI inflamed epididymitis
93
MC male cancer? symptoms?
prostate asymptomatic early hard time urinating hematuria impotence
94
Metrorrhagia
irregular uterine bleed ## Footnote due to dysfunctional ovaries
95
Normal male ureathra
urethral meatus in center of glands
95
Monorrhagia
excessive OR prolonged

NUR211 (18 decks)

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