Final Exam part 3

Question 1

Covalent Bond

Answer 1

refers to when two atoms share one or more electrons due to trying to stabilise, nonmetal atoms

Question 2

Crystal Habit

Answer 2

the general shape that minerals exhibit

Question 3

Ionic Bond

Answer 3

electron transferring when atom transfers atoms to another

Question 4

Metallic Bond

Answer 4

a chemical bond that occurs between metal atoms, the sharing of free moving electrons

Question 5

Polymorph

Answer 5

A mineral which has the same chemical composition as another mineral, however their atoms are arranged differently; subsequently, have very different properties

Question 6

Specific Gravity

Answer 6

measure of the density of a substance relative to the density of a reference substance typically water

Question 7

Van der Waals Bond

Answer 7

weak intermolecular forces that attract neutral molecules to one another.

Question 8

Fractional Cystallisation

Answer 8

process in while different minerals crystallise from a cooling magma at different temperatures. As Magma cools, certain minerals crystallise first and settle out the liquid phase, while other minerals remain in the melt

Question 9

Laccolith

Answer 9

igneous intrusion that forms when magma is injected between layers of sedimentary rock

Question 10

Volatiles

Answer 10

refers to gaseous components that are released from magma or lava during volcanic activity
Volcano/Volcanic

Question 11

A’a

Answer 11

basaltic lava flow, high viscosity, forms when flowing basalt cools and thickens with flow, lava crumbles into shards and fragments

Question 12

Caldera

Answer 12

a depression that results from a volcano collapse after a eruption, can span several kilometres and result from emptying magma from volcanos chamber

Question 13

Cinder Cone

Answer 13

small basaltic volcano, large craters

Question 14

Composite volcano

Answer 14

Large volcano with many layers of lava

Question 15

Krakatoa

Answer 15

Volcanic island in Indonesia

Question 16

Lahar

Answer 16

volcanic mudflow that consists of lava, ash and other minerals and materials

Question 17

Mauna Loa, Hawaii

Answer 17

Shield Volcano

Question 18

Mt Fuji

Answer 18

Composite Volcano

Question 19

Mt Pinatubo

Answer 19

Composite Volcano

Question 20

Mt. St. Helens

Answer 20

Composite Volcano

Question 21

Mt. Vesuvius

Answer 21

Composite Volcano

Question 22

Pompeii

Answer 22

was destructed by Mt Vesuvius

Question 23

S P Crater Arizona

Answer 23

Cinder cone volcano

Question 24

Shield Volcano

Answer 24

broad and basaltic, low viscosity and low silica

Question 25

Tephra

Answer 25

fragments of volcanic material that is exploded into the air and back to the ground in a volcanic eruption

Question 26

Tuff

Answer 26

igneous rock that forms from the consolidation of volcanic ash

Question 27

Regolith

Answer 27

loose unconsolidated layer or dust, rocks and soil that covers solid bedrock, due to weathering erosion and deposition