Final Exam - Phenotypic Selection

Question 1

Selection in what animal in much more important than other species

Answer 1

Beef

Question 2

Why is cattle selection more important than any other species

Answer 2

Longest gestation interval
Cost More

Question 3

Cattle require longevity to make money back

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Factors to consider for cattle evaluation (5)

Answer 4

• Structural Correctness
• Size & Scale
• Muscle
• Body Condition
• Capacity

Question 5

What is a structural correct cattle

Answer 5

Level designed
Smooth blending
Balanced cattle with correct
shoulder and hind leg sets

Question 6

Spring and depth of rib

Answer 6

Capacity

Question 7

Structural Red Flags

Answer 7

Restricted Mobility
Too much hind leg set
Big, coarse shoulders

Question 8

Associated with higher performing cattle

Answer 8

Capacity

Question 9

Increased frame equals to what in cattle in terms of maturity

Answer 9

later maturing, faster growing cattle

Question 10

Increased Frame finishes at what in cattle in terms of weight

Answer 10

heavier weight

Question 11

Increased Frame causes what in cattle (problem)

Answer 11

Calving issue and reach puberty later

Question 12

Greater mature weights equals to what in cattle in terms of feed

Answer 12

More feed for maintenance

Question 13

What is the recommendation for size and scale of a cattle

Answer 13

Use moderate framed cattle but potentially breed to a larger bull
to increase growth of calves being sold at weaning

Question 14

• Too little or too much muscle is undesirable

Answer 14

True

Question 15

• Light muscled cattle aren’t as valuable

Answer 15

True

Question 16

• Heavy muscled cattle that are too extreme may have calving
  difficulties

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Indicator or the amount of fat on an animal

Answer 17

Body Condition Score

Question 18

What is the BCS range in cows

Answer 18

1 to 9

Question 19

What are the issue with too high BCS score

Answer 19

Too fat
* Low cutability carcasses
* Problems with reproductive performance
* Decreased milk production
* Waste of resources/money

Question 20

What is problem with low BCS in cattle

Answer 20

• Thin cows
  *Required more time to begin cycling after calving
• Lower conception rates

Question 21

What is the gestation length of a swine

Answer 21

115 days

Question 22

What are the 6 important items to consider in swine

Answer 22

• Skeletal Correctness
• Size & Scale
• Capacity
• Muscle
• Leanness
• Underlines

Question 23

Important for longevity in swince

Answer 23

longevity

Question 24

What flooring in swine that hurts them

Answer 24

concrete

Question 25

What are the 6 ideal characteristics in swine

Answer 25

- Level top/spine * Level hip with a higher tail set * Relaxed shoulder blade * Legs and feet go “straight down” * Cushion in pasterns * Even toe shape

Question 26

Why is level hip with a higher tail set important

Answer 26

Too steep and straight hind leg can lock when breeding. Restricted movement

Question 27

Skeletal Issues in swine

Answer 27

High spine Rigid/straight pastern Toeing In or Out Bow legged Even toes

Question 28

Long bodied, large scaled hogs have greater ability to gain faster and more efficiently to heavy weights in swine and are later maturing

Answer 28

true

Question 29

What are the 5 things in capacity for swine

Answer 29

* Volume and dimension * Rib and center body * Three dimensional: width, depth, length * Adequate breeding and feeding capacity * Attention to fat and waste, they deposit in the same area

Question 30

Market hogs need to be muscular or light

Answer 30

muscular

Question 31

highly heritable and easy to see on live animal

Answer 31

muscles

Question 32

Fat Free Lean

Answer 32

Lean Hogs

Question 33

Not efficient to produce or economical to trim off

Answer 33

Fat

Question 34

Is leanness highly heritable swine

Answer 34

Yes

Question 35

Is underlines highly heritable in swine

Answer 35

Yes

Question 36

What is the acceptable underline?

Answer 36

Acceptable underline has at least 6 functional, evenly spaces nipples on each side

Question 37

What is the ideal sheep

Answer 37

One that can meet longevity and durability demands

Question 38

Factors to looks for in sheep

Answer 38

* Skeletal Correctness * Body Capacity * Body Composition * Mouths

Question 39

Skeletal correctness in sheep

Answer 39

* Level * Limbs in line * Even toe placement * Long, free easy stride * Smooth shoulder

Question 40

Capacity in sheep

Answer 40

Bold sprung rib and Wide constructed

Question 41

Body Composition in sheep

Answer 41

Heavy muscled and minimal fat

Question 42

What area in sheep should be trim/lean

Answer 42

Trim in breast, middle, flank, and twist

Question 43

Issue with over and underbite in sheep

Answer 43

Issues with eating and getting enough nutrients

Question 44

What is the benefit for sprung rib

Answer 44

Greater foundation for muscle growth