Final Exam--SA material Flashcards
(54 cards)
In most cases, feline hyperthyroidism is due to?
adenoma of thyroid gland
*usually bilateral
The most common physical exam finding in cats with hyperthyroid?
palpable goiter
T/F: Feline hyperthyroidism can cause marked elevations in liver enzymes
False
*MILD increases (up to 400s)
How can you determine if feline thyroid nodules are malignant?
histopath is ONLY definitive way
*radionuclide scan can only be suggestive
Which treatment options for feline hyperthyroidism are reversible if hypothyroidism develops?
Medical (Methimazole) & dietary
If ectopic thyroid tissue is present, what would be your best treatment choice?
radioiodine
Regardless of therapy choice, ~25% of cats will develop what after being treated for hyperthyroidism? why?
25% develop azotemia
hyperthyroidism masks renal disease by increasing GFR–so when you stop the disease, GFR decreases and azotemia develops
Methimazole:
1) MOA
2) most common side effect
inhibits formations of T4
GI side effects most common (anorexia, vomiting)
What clinical side effects (4), if they develop, would mean permanent d/c of methimazole as a method of treatment?
1) severe facial pruritus
2) thrombocytopenia (bleeding)
3) icertus
4) agranulocytosis (low neutrophil #)
When regulating T4 levels in hyperthyroid cat, where do we want the levels to be?
in lower half of RR
You must give radioactive iodine ___months to work before assuming cat is still hyperthyroid or has developed hypothyroidism
3 months
*transient hypothyroidism is normal
When would surgery or radioactive iodine be contraindicated in treating feline hyperthyroidism?
If the cat is azotemic prior to receiving any treatment AND fails trial medical therapy
*failing= azotemia worsens and clinical signs of renal failure develop
The best marker of hypothyroidism in a cat?
Elevated TSH
When do clinical signs of DM develop?
when glucosuria develops
What is the renal threshold for glucose in
1) dogs
2) cats
1) 200mg/dL
2) 300mg/dL
How does sex predilection for DM differ btwn dogs and cats?
dogs–females are 2x as likely to be affected
cats–neutered males are more likely
3 most common clinical signs assoc. with DM?
polyphagia
PU/PD
weight loss
A clinical sign of DM unique to
1) dogs
2) cats
1) cataracts
2) diabetic neuropathy
What 3 criteria must be met to make the dx of DM?
1) appropriate clinical signs
2) persistent fasting hyperglycemia
3) persistent glucosuria
Why are UTIs so important to r/o before starting therapy for DM? How can we rule out a UTI in a diabetic?
only way to rule out is to do a culture
infection can cause insulin resistance!!
As far as dietary recommendations for diabetics go, the most important thing to avoid feeding is?
simple carbs–are absorbed too quickly and cause severe post-prandial hyperglycemia
Which types of insulin:
1) are veterinary products
2) are used for emergency situations
1) Vetsulin (lente) & PZI
2) Regular & Lispro
Considering handling of insulin, most should be ______ to be mixed; the exception is ?
rolled;
exception= vetsulin (shake this one)
Which insulin, due to higher potency, requires a lower initial dose?
Detemir
