Final Final - Rad II Flashcards
0
Q
Overall image blackness
A
Density
1
Q
The visibility of fin anatomical structures is
A
Detail
2
Q
Changes in human anatomy that result in decreased tissue density
A
Destructive pathology
3
Q
The area where electrons impact the anode
A
True focal spot
4
Q
All of the following are synonymous with detail
A
Resolution, definition, sharpness
NOT contrast
5
Q
The photon strength in the polyenergetic primary beam is expressed as
A
KVP
6
Q
The disparity in xray intensity between cathode and anode ends of the X-ray tube is known as
A
Anode heel effect
7
Q
The number of electrons thermionically emitted from the filament is known as
A
MA
8
Q
The total number of electrons traveling from cathode to anode is measured as
A
MAS
9
Q
To manipulate the density/brightness of a digital image the tech will adjust
A
Window level
10
Q
When the patient contributes to the image contrast is known as
A
Subject contrast
11
Q
The number of X-rays in the polyenergetic primary beam is expressed as
A
MAS
12
Q
The true focal spot projected towards the patient is known as
A
Effective focal spot
13
Q
Materials that temporarily decrease the atomic number of an anatomical structure are known as
A
Negative contrast agents
14
Q
Intentionally magnifying the area of anatomical interest is known as
A
Macroradiography
15
Q
Changes in human anatomy that result in increased tissue density are known as
A
Additive pathology
16
Q
An image that is mainly black and white and possesses few grays exhibits
A
High contrast
17
Q
The portion of the radiographic image that represents an objects true size is known as
A
Umbra
18
Q
To manipulate the contrast of a digital image the tech must adjust the
A
Window width
19
Q
The height of the lead strips related to the distance between the lead strips is the formula for calculating
A
Grid ratio
20
Q
The minimum xray energy that will adequately penetrate a given body part is known as
A
Effective KV
21
Q
Blooming of focal spot
A
Electrons as they move from cathode to anode
22
Q
Exposure latitude
A
Margin for technique error
23
Q
Size distortion
A
Too much OID magnified the object
24
Shape distortion
Penumbra
25
Quantum mottle
Grainy image as a result of not enough X-rays
26
Positive contrast agent
Materials that temporarily increase the atomic number of an anatomical structure
27
Long scale contrast
Many shades of gray
28
Differential absorption
Differing habitus absorb xray at differing rates
29
High contrast
Black and white image with few grays
30
The nine penny test is performed to evaluate
Xray to light field alignment
31
Focal spot size is allowed to vary no more than
+/-50%
32
The required frequency for performing protective apparel testing is
Annually
33
Exposure reproducibility is allowed to vary no more than
+/-5%
34
The required frequency for performing screen speed uniformity testing is
Annually
35
KVP accuracy is allowed to vary by no more than
+/-10%
36
The ESE for general fluoroscopy may not exceed
10R/min
37
The ESE for interventional fluoroscopy may not exceed
20R/min
38
Exposure timer accuracy for greater than 10ms exposures is allowed to vary by no more than
+/-5%
39
The density difference on a darkroom fog test general radiography may not be greater than
.08 OD
40
The developer temperature recorded during sensitometry is allowed to vary by no more than
+/-2 degrees F
41
The required frequency for performing sensitometry is
Semiannually
42
The required frequency for performing film/screen contact testing is
Annual
43
The required frequency for performing collimator dial accuracy testing is
Semiannual
44
With sensitometry contrast is allowed to vary by no more than
.15
45
Xray to light field alignment is allowed to vary by no more than
+/-2%
46
The standard light bulb for an xray illuminator box is
15 watt daylight fluorescent
47
SID accuracy is allowed to vary by no more than
+/-2%
48
The required frequency for performing reproducibility testing is
Annual
49
The required frequency for performing linearity testing is
Annual
50
The required frequency for performing HVL testing is
Annual
51
Focal spot size may be evaluated by
Pin hole camera
Slit camera
Star pattern
52
The required frequency for performing darkroom fog testing is
Semiannual
53
Exposure linearity is allowed to vary no more than
+/-10%
54
The wire mesh test is performed to evaluate
Film screen contact
55
The required frequency for performing filtration testing is
Annual
56
The minimum allowable total xray beam filtration is
2.5mm AL/EQ
57
The required frequency for performing KVP accuracy is
Annual
58
The density difference on a darkroom fog test for mammography may not be greater than
.05 OD
59
Exposure timer accuracy for less than 10ms exposures is allowed to vary no more than
+/-20%
60
The required frequency for performing exposure timer accuracy testing is
Annual
61
Screen speed uniformity is allowed to vary no more than
+/-10%
62
Collimator dial accuracy is allowed to vary no more than
+/-2% of SID
63
The light intensity across the entire surface of an xray view box is allowed to vary by no more than
+/-10%
64
When using positive beam limitation the light field is allowed to vary from the film size by no more than
+/-2% of the SID
65
The number of HVLs required to reduce a 78mR beam to less than 10mR is
3 HVLs
66
Latent image is made manifest in
Developer
67
Modern film screen imaging amount of film exposure due to visible light is
90-99%
68
Function of wash section is to
Remove fixer from the emulsion
69
Emission of visible light from a phosphor crystal is
Luminescence
70
Sequence of order for film processor is
Developer, fixer, washer, dryer
71
Brown tint that develops in processed xray film while in storage is
Smog
72
Color of visible light emitted by a phosphor crystal is
Spectral emission
73
Radiographic film contrast increases as film latitude
Decreases
74
Addition of an electron to a positively charged silver ion is
Reduction
75
Portion of sensitometric curve representing minimum optical density is
Base + fog
76
Invisible image held in chemical code within the films emulsion layer is
Latent image
77
Size if films silver halide crystals increases the films screen speed
Increases
78
Addition of electron to a positively charged silver ion results in
Black metallic silver
79
The wash section is filled with
Filtered water
80
The temperature of developer solution is
95 degrees
81
Stored film is sensitive to (can be fogged by)
Visible light, high temperature, and chemical vapor
82
Color of visible light film is most sensitive to known as
Spectral sensitivity
83
Rate at which sensitometry must be performed is
Daily
84
As the Amount of reduction in films emulsion decreases the effect on film is
Decreased density
85
Layer that holds the anatomical image is
Emulsion
86
Auto processor emulsion shrunk and film is sealed in dryer by
Hot air
87
Removal of unreduced silver halide crystals happens in
The fixer
88
Function of reducing agents(electron soup) is to
Change silver ions into black metallic silver
89
Panchromatic film is sensitive to
All colored light
90
As Radiographic film speed increases film detail and image quality
Decreases
91
Very weak bond that holds silver halide crystals together is
Ionic bond
92
Developer solution is sensitive to changes in
Contamination, temperature, and concentration
93
As the size of silver halide crystals increase the films ability to visualize fine anatomical structures
Decreases
94
Visible light emitted from phosphor crystal stimulated by xray proceeds
In all directions
95
Range of grays that a film is capable of recording is demonstrated by
The straight line portion
96
As the amount of reduction in a films emulsion increases the effect on the film is
Increased density
97
The temperature of the dryer section is
130-135 degrees
98
As radiographic film speed decreases, film detail and quality
Increases
99
As radiographic film contrast decreases film latitude
Increases
100
A sensitometric curve will tell you all of the properties of the film in question except
Spectral sensitivity
101
As the size of silver halide crystals decreases films ability to visualize fine anatomical structures
Increase
102
The portion of sensitometric curve representing maximum optical density is known as
D-MAX
103
Orthochromatic film is sensitive to all colors of visible light except
Red
104
The latent image formation occurs in radiographic film due to
Gurney-Mott Theory
105
The factor which has primary control of image density is
MAS
106
Decreasing collimation (larger field size) will result in
Longer scale contrast
107
Increasing filtration of the xray beam will result in
Decease in image density
108
The factor that has the primary control of contrast is
KVP
109
The test performed to evaluate film/screen contact is known as
Wire mesh test
110
An increase in KVP will result in
Decreased image density
111
Overall image blackness is known as
Density
112
An increase in OID will result in
Decreased in image density
113
Increasing collimation (smaller field size) will result in
Decrease in image density
114
Increasing collimation (smaller field size) will result in
Decrease in image density
115
To maintain image density when increasing KVP by 15%, the MAS must be
Decreased by 50%
116
An image that is mainly black and white and possesses few grays exhibits
High contrast
117
An increase in film/screen speed will result in
Increase in image density
118
The addition of a grid will result in
Decrease in image density
119
When changing from RS800 to RS100 all of the following will occur except
The size of dots will increase
120
The average photon strength in the polyenergetic primary beam is expressed as
KVP
121
The geometric factors include (circle 2)
Detail, distortion
122
An increase in SID will result in
Decrease in image density
123
As KVP increases patient absorbed dose
Decreases
124
An increase in KVP will result in
Increase in image density
125
Increasing collimation (smaller field size) will result in
Higher contrast
126
The primary function of contrast is to
Make recorded detail visible
127
A decrease in OID will result in
Decrease in image contrast
128
The addition of a grid will result in
Increased contrast
129
To maintain image density when decreasing KVP by 15%, the MAS must be
Doubled
130
The photographic factors include (circle two)
Contrast and density
131
Penumbra will be increased by
Increasing focal spot, decreasing SID, increasing OID
132
Conditions that lead to increased image detail include
Small focal spot, short OID
133
A low KVP setting will result in
High contrast, short scale
134
A high KVP setting will result in
Many grays, long scale
135
Penumbra will be decreased by
Decreasing focal spot size
136
Unequal magnification of the body part will result in
Increased shape distortion
137
Blooming of the focal spot increases as
MAS increases
138
As patient exposure/dose increases image quality/detail
Increases
139
Recorded detail is diminished by a
Decrease in SID
140
The visibility of fine anatomical structures is known as
Detail
141
The true focal spot projected towards the patient is known as the
Effective focal spot
142
The number of electrons thermionically emitted from the filament per second is
MA
143
The approximate range of effective focal spot size is
0.5-2.0mm
144
The total number of electrons traveling from cathode to anode is measures as
MAS
145
All of the terms are synonymous with detail except
Contrast
146
The combination that will produce the greatest image detail is
Long SID, short OID
147
The amount of penumbra seen on a radiograohic image is decreased by
A decrease in OID
148
recorded detail can be improved by increasing
SID
149
The area where electrons impact the anode is known as
The true focal spot
150
Increasing SID will result in all except
Increased penumbra
151
Increasing OID will result in all except
Decreased penumbra
152
Image detail is effected by all except
Focal spot size
153
All of the following are not positve contrast agents except
Carbon dioxide
154
The number of X-rays in the polyenergetic primary beam is expressed as
MAS
155
When changing from RS200 to RS400, all if the following occur except
Image quality will increase
156
A common capture element used within indirect DR digital imaging is
Amorphous silicon
157
The efficiency of a CR system in converting remnant radiation into useful imaging signalmen is known as
Quantum detection efficiency
158
Individual thin film transistors (TFT) elements are known as
Detector elements (DELS)
159
The exposure indicator of Agfa brand CR imaging products is
LGM
160
The wavelength of the laser light used in a CR imaging plate is approximately
600 nm
161
The weakening of a stored latent image within. CR imaging plate is known as
Fading
162
In a CR system, stored electron energy is trialled in the
F center
163
The wavelength of visible light emitted by photostimulated luminescence is approximately
400nm
164
The number of grays that an individual is capable of demonstrating us known as
Bit depth
165
In a CR system, visible light emitted by the imaging plate is collected and channeled by the
Light gate
166
The digital imaging system that uses amorphous selenium (a-Se) for imaging formation is
Direct conversion DR
167
With CR digital imaging, a perfect exposure indicator measures radiation to the IP at a dose of
1mR
168
The relationship of useful, anatomical image to worthless electronic information is known as
Signal to noise ratio
169
Within a CR cassette is found
Photostimulable phosphor plate
170
The phosphor material found within a CR imaging plate is
Europium Barium Fluorohalide
171
The imaging system that does not use visible light for image formation is
Direct conversion -CR
172
The process of translating an analog image to binary code is known as
Digitizing
173
The process by which a digital image system displays a visible image despite technique error is known as
Automatic rescaling
174
The following imaging system that uses TFT array for image formation is
Direct conversion DR
175
The amount of radiation received by the CR imaging plate is measured as the
Exposure indicator
176
The smallest component of a digital xray image is known as a
Pixel
177
All of the following terms are synonymous with digital image contrast ability except
Spatial resolution
178
The laser found in a CR imaging processor is
helium neon (HeNe)
179
Electrical components that temporarily store a charge are known as
Capacitors
180
The CR system, the latent image is held in
Photostimulable phosphor
181
The 3-D pieces of digital info obtained by a CT are
Voxels
182
Widening a window results in
Decreased contrast
183
Info expressed in variable numeric quantities is known as
Digital
184
The collection element of direct DR digital imaging is
TFT
185
In a CR processor, visible light energy is converted to an equivalent value of electrical energy by the
Photomultiplier tube (PMT)
186
Measuring from center to center of a pixel is
Pixel pitch
187
The number of pixels per given area is
Pixel density
188
The crossed rows and columns of a digital image is
Matrix
189
The coupling elements of direct DR digital imaging is
Amorphous Selenium Crystals
190
mathematical formula used to process the digital image is
Algorithm
191
The scintillating phosphor used in medical imaging specifically for its needle like crystals is
Cesium iodine
192
The digital imaging system that does not used scintillating phosphors for image formation is
Direct conversion DR
193
The exposure indicator of Fuji brand CR imaging system is
s number
194
The perfect exposure indicator value for AGfa CR is
2.2 LGM
195
The capture element of CR digital imaging is
Europium Barium Fluorohalide
196
Measuring the distance from one side of a pixel to the other side is
Pixel size
197
Window level is synonymous with the latent characteristic of
Density/brightness
198
The coupling element of CR digital imaging is
Amorphous silicon crystals
199
The graphic representation of digital image densities and frequency of density occurrence is known as
Histogram
200
Information expressed in variable physical quantities is known as
Analog
201
Spatial resolution for digital imaging is measured in
Lp/mm
202
Predetermined luminescence values that are anatomy dependent are stored within the
Look up table (LUT)
203
Manually adjusting the shades of gray to be presented to the viewing monitor is known as
Windowing
204
Phosphor crystal emitting visible light when stimulated by xray is known as
Scintillation
205
The number of grays that a pixel is capable of demonstrating is known as
Bit depth
206
The digital imaging system that uses amorphous selenium for image formation is
Direct conversion DR
207
The greatest advantage of digital imaging compared to film screen is
Contrast resolution
208
Common pixel signals across the matrix being averaged and the area of interest amplified is known as
Edge enhancement
209
Narrowing a window results in
Increased contrast
210
Window width is synonymous with the image characteristics of
Contrast
