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SEM V - Rad Pathology II > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Vein -

A

carry blood toward the heart, arranged in 3 layers, and contain valves to prevent backflow

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1
Q

Artery -

A

carry blood away from the heart, arranged in 3 layers, and absorb pressure wave

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2
Q

Capillary -

A

vascular connection between the artery and vein

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3
Q

Atria of heart (atrium) -

A

the receiving chambers of the heart on both the right and left side

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4
Q

Ventricles of heart -

A

the pumping chambers of the heart on both the right and left side

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5
Q

Pulmonary circulation -

A

movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again

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6
Q

Portal circulation -

A

circulation of blood to the liver from the small intestine, the right half of the colon, and the spleen through the portal vein; sometimes specified as the hepatic portal circulation;

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7
Q

Endocardium -

A

inner lining of the heart

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8
Q

Myocardium -

A

muscular wall of the heart

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9
Q

Epicardium -

A

thin membrane that covers the heart

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10
Q

Pericardial sac -

A

fluid filled sac that lubricates motion of the heart

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11
Q

Tunica intima -

A

the innermost/endothelial vascular layer

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12
Q

Tunica media -

A

the middle/smooth muscles vascular layer

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13
Q

Tunica externa/Tunica adventitia -

A

the outermost vascular layer

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14
Q

SA node - sinoatrial node -

A

The heart’s natural pacemaker, one of the major elements in the cardiac conduction system, the system that controls the heart rate.

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15
Q

AV node -

A

a part of the electrical control system of the heart that coordinates the top of the heart. It electrically connects atrial and ventricular chambers.

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16
Q

Purkinje fibers -

A

specialized muscle fibers found in the heart. They originate at the atrioventricular bundle and extend into the ventricles. Their function is to relay impulses from the bundle to the ventricles, causing a contraction

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17
Q

Vena cava -

A

large veins (venous trunks) that return deoxygenated blood from the body into the heart

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18
Q

Aorta -

A

the great vessel that takes oxygenated blood from the heart to the organs

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19
Q

Pulmonary trunk -

A

blood vessel which divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries.

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20
Q

Pulmonary veins -

A

large blood vessels that receive oxygenated blood from the lungs and drain into the left atrium of the heart

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21
Q

PTCA “pizza” -

A

(percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) the opening of a narrowed coronary artery; minimally invasive

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22
Q

CABG “cabbage” -

A

(coronary artery bypass and graft) heart bypass surgery, grafting of “new vessels” around occluded vessels - usually a vein from patients leg

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23
Q

Plasma -

A

pale yellow liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells in whole blood in suspension; this makes plasma the extracellular matrix of blood cells. It makes up about 55% of the body’s total blood volume.

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24
Hematocrit -
the solid portion of blood, normally about 45%
25
Hemoglobin -
iron pigment; hemo=iron, globin=pigment
26
Diffusion -
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
27
Left to right shunt -
Most common congenital cardiac lesions; Structural defects of heart and vessels; Mixing of pulmonary and systemic blood
28
Atrial septal defect -
a hole in the wall between the two upper chambers of your heart (atria). The condition is present from birth (congenital).
29
Ventricular septal defect -
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a defect in the ventricular septum, the wall dividing the left and right ventricles of the heart.
30
Patent ductus arteriosus -
a condition in which the ductus arteriosus does not close.
31
Tetralogy of Fallot
“blue baby syndrome” - Cyanosis due to inadequate oxidation; right to left shunting of blood
32
The “sabot appearance” -
Dutch wooden shoe appearance on imaging
33
The 4 hallmarks of Tetralogy of Fallot -
ventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, dextropositioning of aorta, hypertrophic right ventricle
34
Interventricular septal defect -
.
35
Pulmonary stenosis -
partial obstruction of right ventricular outflow (to lungs) and pulmonary valve
36
Hypertrophic right ventricle -
thickened right ventricle
37
Dextropositioning of aorta -
increased outflow in aorta
38
Coarctation of aorta -
narrowing of the aorta
39
The “notched ribs appearance” -
narrowing of aorta due to high arterial pressure
40
Valvular disease -
failure of valves to seal causing regurgitation
41
Regurgitation -
back flow
42
Bovine tissue graft -
cow tissue graft
43
Porcine tissue graft -
pig tissue graft
44
Pulmonary embolus -
a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in your lungs. In most cases, pulmonary embolism is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from the legs or, rarely, other parts of the body
45
Cor pulmonale -
aka Pulmonary hypertension; an enlargement of the right ventricle due to high blood pressure in the lungs usually caused by chronic lung disease
46
​The “enlarged right ventricle” appearance -
due to high blood pressure in the lungs usually caused by chronic lung disease
47
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) -
narrowing/occlusion of the coronary arteries
48
Ischemia -
decrease/loss of blood flow to tissue
49
Infarction -
death of tissue due to loss of blood flow
50
Myocardial Infarction (MI) -
Death of heart muscle due to lack of blood flow (ischemia) and/or due to thrombus (blood clot) of coronary arteries
51
Congestive heart failure -
inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide adequate supply to the tissues; characterized by cardiomegaly on imaging studies
52
The “greater than 50% diameter sign” -
a sign of congestive heart failure
53
Pulmonary edema -
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extra vascular pulmonary tissue
54
The “butterfly” or “angel’s wings” sign -
pattern of edema on imaging studies a sign of pulmonary edema
55
Hypertension -
increased pressure within the systemic circulatory system, the leading cause of stroke and CHF
56
The “enlarged left heart” and “tortuous aorta” sign -
radiologic signs of hypertension
57
Why is hypertension considered to be a “silent killer” -
symptoms often go unrecognized and unnoticed
58
Pericardial effusion -
accumulation of fluid within the pericardial space resulting in increased pressure directed onto myocardium
59
The “enlargement of cardiac silhouette” sign -
radiographic sign of pericardial effusion on imaging
60
Aneurysm -
localized dilation of an artery which appears asbulging or calcification of the artery on imaging.
61
Saccular -
a type of aneurysm with the appearance of a sac or round shape bulging on one aide of arterial wall
62
Fusiform -
a type of aneurysm with the appearance of a tubular shape bulging of the arterial circumference
63
Dissecting -
a type of aneurysm with the appearance of tearing of the arterial wall, bleeding into the artery's layers
64
AAA -
abdominal aortic aneurysm
65
Atherosclerosis -
arterial thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity due to a build up of fatty deposits which leads to narrowing of arteries
66
The “calcified arteries” sign -
radiographic sign of calcified densities on imaging
67
Bruit -
noise of arterial “turbulence” in carotid artery
68
Thrombus -
blood clot that CAN obstruct, forms in a vessel
69
Embolus -
anything that causes an obstruction, can be life threatening and travels from the site where formed
70
DVT –
Deep Vein Thrombosis
71
List the signs of DVT -
pain/tenderness, swelling of the lower extremity, warmth of skin, and redness/discoloration of skin
72
Varicose veins -
dilated, elongated, tortuous vessels, causing a pooling of blood into lower extremities with signs of enlargement of veins, stagnation of blood flow and possible blood clot formation
73
Erythrocytes -
Red blood cells | Function: Carry oxygen and CO2 for gas exchange
74
Leukocytes -
White blood cells ​Function: Infection control within body
75
Thrombocytes/Platelets -
platelet cells of the blood ​Function: Clotting cells within body
76
Anemia -
a decrease in hemoglobin
77
Iron deficiency -
the most common form of anemia
78
Hemolytic -
shortened life span of RBC's
79
Aplastic -
failure of bone marrow function resulting in a decrease in blood cells
80
Megaloblastic -
a type of anemia resulting in decreased RBc's due to defective DNA synthesis
81
The “bald appearance in stomach” sign -
radiographic sign of megaloblastic anemia due to the decrease if rugal folds
82
Thallasemia -
defect in hemoglobin formation in people of Mediterranean descent
83
The “hair on end” sign -
radiographic appearance of Thailasemia
84
Population group most affected:
people of Mediterranean descent
85
Polycythemia -
hyperplasia of the bone marrow, increased blood cell production,k prominent pulmonary vasculature on imaging studies
86
Sickle Cell Anemia -
form of hemolytic anemia, abnormal hemoglobin molecules Population group most affected: Africans
87
Leukemia -
neoplastic proliferation of white blood cells, chronic or acute
88
Lymphoma -
neoplasms of the lymphatic system
89
Infectious Mononucleosis -
viral disease of the lymphatic system

SEM V - Rad Pathology II (7 decks)

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