Final Part 1

Question 1

The study of historic or prehistoric human populations though the analysis of material remains

Answer 1

Archaeology

Question 2

Studies hominins, their remains, and past human civilizations

Answer 2

Paleoanthropology

Question 3

The evolutionary group that includes modern humans and our bipedal extinct relatives

Answer 3

Hominin

Question 4

Learned behavior that is transmitted from person to person

Answer 4

Culture

Question 5

The part of culture that is expressed as objects that humans use (stuff that people make)

Answer 5

Material Culture

Question 6

Material objects made or modified for use by hominins

Answer 6

Artifact

Question 7

Physical remains of part or all of once living organisms that have become mineralized by the replacement of organic with inorganic materials

Answer 7

Fossil

Question 8

When and where the object is found

Answer 8

Context

Question 9

The artifacts that are found at the location with context

Answer 9

Association

Question 10

The study of the deposition of plant and animal remains and the environmental conditions affecting their preservation

Answer 10

Taphonomy

Question 11

the analysis of the order and position of layers of archaeological remains; layers of deposits

Answer 11

Stratigraphy

Question 12

Attempts to replicate ancient technologies and construction procedures to test hypotheses about past activities

Answer 12

Experimental archaeology

Question 13

Similarities based on decent from a common ancestor

Answer 13

Homology

Question 14

Adaptions to environments that yield similar traits shared between unrelated organisms

Answer 14

Analogy

Question 15

A difference in a physical attribute between the males and females of a species

Answer 15

Sexual dimorphism

Question 16

Species defined from fossil evidence, often covering a long time span

Answer 16

Paleospecies/Fossil Species

Question 17

Walking on two feet

Answer 17

Bipedalism

Question 18

Capable of walking or running on two legs, often only for a short time. Normally walks on four limbs

Answer 18

Facultative Bipedalism

Question 19

Normally walks or runs on 2 legs. Is capable of different modes of locomotion, depending on environment

Answer 19

Habitual Bipedalism

Question 20

Walking or running on 2 legs is the normal locomotion, no efficient alternatives

Answer 20

Obligate Bipedalism

Question 21

Teeth that don’t sharpen each other when chewing; humans have this

Answer 21

Nonhoning chewing

Question 22

The concept that evolutionary change takes place in some body parts or systems without simultaneous changes in other parts

Answer 22

Mosaic Evolution

Question 23

In Tanzania, short strides, long arms, 3 million years ago, footprints

Answer 23

Laetoli

Question 24

The evolutionary increase of the complexity and size of the brain

Answer 24

Encephalization

Question 25

First found at Olduvai Gorge; 2.6-1.7 million years ago; made via the hard hammer/percussion technique; the OLDest stone tool

Answer 25

Oldowan tool complex

Question 26

The cultural associated with homoeructus, including hand axes and other types of stone tools, more refined than the earlier oldest tool

Answer 26

Acheulian tool complex

Question 27

One of the most interesting H. Erected sites; hominins 1.75 million years ago; retains early homo erectus characteristics

Answer 27

Dmanisi, Georgia

Question 28

Largest middle pleistocene deposit of homo in the world; 350.000 years ago, skulls have a Neanderthal like look, 28 homo heidelbergensis individuals found in cave

Answer 28

Gran Dolina, Spain

Question 29

They emerged around 200,000 years ago in east Africa, referred to as H. Sapient, vertical forehead, chin, reduced brow ridge

Answer 29

Anatomically Modern humans

Question 30

Thick skull, prominent brow ridge, lack of chin

Answer 30

Archaic Humans

Question 31

A hook that attaches to a spear that increases the hunter’s range; invented 40.000 years ago

Answer 31

Atlatl

Question 32

The earliest hominin inhabitants of the Americas; they likely migrated from Asia and are associated with the Clovis and Folsom stone tool cultures in North America and comparable tools in South America

Answer 32

Paleoindians

Question 33

Bering Sea Land Bridge. This 'bridge' existed during the last glacial maximum, approximately 14,000 years ago, when sea level was much lower and present-day Alaska and eastern Siberia were connected.

Answer 33

Beringia

Question 34

2 huge ice sheets covered what is now Canada and Northern US; there was a passage way on the east side of the Rocky Mountains for travelers

Answer 34

IceFree Corridor

Question 35

First discovered in 1908; found in association with extinct bison; the deposits were at least 9.000 years old

Answer 35

Folsom

Question 36

Human settlement in the Americas occurred after 12,000 years ago; ice free corridor allowed migration into North America (Pre site)

Answer 36

Clovis First

Question 37

A state of interdependence between humans and selective animals and plants; involves genetic transformations of wild organisms

Answer 37

Domestication

Question 38

A cultural activity associated with planting, herding, and processing domesticated species

Answer 38

Agriculture

Question 39

a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging

Answer 39

Hunting and gathering

Question 40

The largest social order that includes states related by language, traditions, history, economic ties, and other shared cultural aspects

Answer 40

Civilization

Question 41

Urban centers that support and are supported by a hinterland of smaller communities; centers of early states

Answer 41

Cities

Question 42

A governmental entity that persists by politically controlling a territory (social classes, citizenship, levels of bureaucracy)

Answer 42

States

Question 43

A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards and power in society

Answer 43

Social Stratification

Question 44

The geological epic during which human behavior became one of the earth’s major geomorphological and geological processes

Answer 44

Anthropocene

Question 45

The current geological epoch

Answer 45

Holocene

Question 46

South Africa; excavated in 1991; contains middle Stone Age deposits currently dated between 100,000-70,000 years; art/tools were found here

Answer 46

Blombos Cave