Final Part 4 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What are the traits associated that all civilizations share?
Agriculture for subsistence, varying livelihoods/specializations, settlement patterns, government, social stratification, economic system
What are the archaeological signatures of civilizations?
Hierarchical settlement patterns, monumental and public works construction, ornate/special grave goods among select individuals, craft specialization, standardized material culture forms, differential wealth
What are the economic and social outcomes of the shift from hunting and gathering to large-scale agriculture?
Excess crops that can be stored or marketed, barter, exchange, lending, and credit developed, specialization of societal rules and hierarchy
What are the health outcomes that occur following the domestication of plants?
Rotting of the teeth, pesticides > illness, increased mortality, density dependent and zoonotic diseases, infections > syphilis
What are the reasons to domesticate a plant or animal?
Increased access to planes animals and their biproducts
Accentuate desires traits (phenotype)
Survival and enjoyment
Describe two routes that have been proposed for the initial colonization of North America:
- Beringia/Ice after Corridor
2. Beringia/coastal route
What are the cranial features unique to anatomically modern humans?
reduced brow ridge, chin, vertical forehead, globular shaped brains case, brain size is 1500 Cc
How did the environment shape Neanderthal evolution?
-stocky frame, robust, barrel shaped chest, shorter thicker limbs bc of cold
What are some achievements of homo erectus?
Discovered fire, first out of Africa; acheulian tools; first hominin colonized from the Old World
What are some major advantages homo habilus had over hominin species that came before it?
Bigger brains, specialized in tool use (oldowan) reduction in tool size
What was special or unique about Ardipithecus?
Bipedal, but they still had opposable big toes
What are some traits common to all mammals/primates/hominins?
Opposable thumbs
