Final Part 3

Question 1

• closer ancestor Split between hominin and chimp lines
• lived in forests
• small crania
• omnivorous
• reduced sexual dimorphism
• feet had thumb shaped big toe

Answer 1

Ardipithecus

Question 2

• bipedal
• relatively small brain
• large teeth/sexually dimorphic
• lived from 4-1 mya
• found in Africa
• large canines/lives in woodland

Answer 2

Australopithicines

Question 3

• lived from 3.6-3mya
• primitive teeth (fruits and veggies)
• fossils and footprints found at Leotoli
• “Lucy”
• smaller brain size

Answer 3

A. afareneis

Question 4

• 3.5 mya in Kenya
• Woodland environment
• Flat face similar to later hominins
• lacks large teeth of later Australopiths

Answer 4

K. platyops

Question 5

• specialized towards strong chewing
• our “big toothed cousins”
• existed from 2.5-1 mya in east and South Africa
• focus on heavy chewing (nuts seeds and chewing)

Answer 5

Paranthropus

Question 6

• 2.5-1.8 mya
• beginning of the Pleistocene, “Ice Age”
• larger, big brained, enhanced hands
• reduction in tooth size
• proficient tool user (oldowan tools)
• name means “handy man”
• first discovered at Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania)

Answer 6

H. Habilis

Question 7

• 1.8 mya in East Africa
• 25% brain increase from Homo Habilis
• Larger than earlier hominins (5’6” average height)
• fire
• early individuals may be sexually dimorphic
• first Hominin colonizer of the Old World
• Survived for over 1.5 million years
• Moved from Oldowan tools to Acheulian tools
• Big body and brain

Answer 7

Homo Erectus

Question 8

• “archaic Homo sapiens”
• 700.000-200.000 ya
• Africa, Europe, East Asia
• Thinner cranium
• modern cranium base
• less angled occipital
• parietal expansion
• some class as erectus
• similar ear structure to us
• no evidence of complex language

Answer 8

H. Heidelbregensis

Question 9

• 130,000 years ago in Europe and West Asia
• large brains
• stocky frame
• barrel-shaped chest
• shorter, thicker limbs, overall more robust
• adapted to cold, no chin, projecting face, straight brow ridge
• retreating forehead, larger joints, broader hips, many used front teeth as tools
• larger front teeth than sapiens
• cave art, cannibals, buried the dead

Answer 9

H. Neanderthalensis

Question 10

• Hobbits
• 100.000-60.000 years ago
• could have been all dwarves

Answer 10

H. Floresiensis

Question 11

• 200.000 years ago in East Africa
• Vertical forehead
• reduced brow ridge
• chin
• pyramidal mastoid process
• globular shapes brain case
• blade technology
• spear thrower technology
• a lot of culture and art

Answer 11

H. Sapiens