final quiz questions

Question 1

poorly nourished, underweight fetus experiences changes in body structure and function that greatly increase the risk of __________ in adulthood.

Answer 1

cardiovascular disease

Question 2

During the third trimester,

Answer 2

painkillers should be used in any surgical procedures performed on a fetus.

Question 3

high doses of caffeine prenatally can cause

Answer 3

low birth weight

Question 4

Which of the following statements about research on memory impairments in infants of diabetic mothers is true?

Answer 4

As a result of iron depletion in critical brain areas, a diabetic pregnancy places the fetus at risk for lasting memory deficits.

Question 5

least potent of FASD with only brain impairment

Answer 5

alcohol related neurodevelpmental disorder

Question 6

less potent than FAS with no physical growth defects

Answer 6

partial fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 7

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Answer 7

slow physical growth, at least 3 different facial abnormalities, and a minimum of 3 impairments of brain functioning

Question 8

range of defects caused by prenatal alcohol exposure

Answer 8

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Question 9

daughters of mothers who took this drug have increased risk of cancer of the vagina, malformations of the uterus, and infertility as they reached adolescence and young adulthood.

Answer 9

diethylstilbestrol

Question 10

Epidural analgesia

Answer 10

limits pain reduction to the pelvic region

Question 11

Which of the following statements regarding the results of the landmark Kauai study is true?

Answer 11

The impact of early biological risks often wanes as children’s personal characteristics and social experiences contribute increasingly to their functioning.

Question 12

Persistent paternal depression is a strong predictor of

Answer 12

aggression in boys

Question 13

During transition, the

Answer 13

the cervix opens completely

Question 14

The two factors that are largely responsible for neonatal mortality are __________ and __________.

Answer 14

serious physical defects; low birth weight

Question 15

A baby will display the Moro reflex when his caregiver

Answer 15

produces a sudden loud sound against the surface supporting him

Question 16

Placenta abruptio

Answer 16

is a life-threatening event that involves premature separation of the placenta

Question 17

Birth weight is the best available predictor of

Answer 17

infant survival

Question 18

Kangaroo skin-to-skin contact

Answer 18

fosters improved oxygenation of the baby’s body, temperature regulation, and infant survival.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about how infants perceive the structure of speech is true?

Answer 19

Infants locate words by discriminating syllables that often occur together from syllables that seldom occur together.

Question 20

Experience-dependent brain growth

Answer 20

relies on specific learning experiences that vary widely across individuals and cultures.

Question 21

Breastfed babies in poverty-stricken regions of the world

Answer 21

are far more likely than bottle-fed babies to survive the first year of life.

Question 22

improves the efficiency of message transfer.

Answer 22

Myelination

Question 23

Separation protest declines during which of Bowlby’s phases?

Answer 23

formation of a reciprocal relationship

Question 24

Which of the following is a limitation of Chomsky’s nativist perspective?

Answer 24

Chomsky’s theory cannot explain why children refine and generalize many grammatical forms gradually

Question 25

Research on both first- and second-language learning reveals

Answer 25

a biologically based timeframe for optimum language development.

Question 26

Linguist Noam Chomsky reasoned that

Answer 26

the rules of sentence organization are too complex to be directly taught to even a cognitively sophisticated young child. children's innate desire to verbally interact with others promotes language development in all cultures.

Question 27

According to Piaget, organization takes place

Answer 27

internally

Question 28

Broca's area

Answer 28

supports language production

Question 29

A major milestone in drawing occurs when 3- and 4-year-olds learn to

Answer 29

use lines to represent the boundaries of objects.

Question 30

Growth and myelination of fibers linking the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex contributes to __________ in early childhood.

Answer 30

dramatic gains in motor coordination

Question 31

Neurons in the __________ send out fibers to the prefrontal cortex, contributing to improvements in sustained, controlled attention.

Answer 31

reticular formation

Question 32

The hippocampus plays a vital role in

Answer 32

memory

Question 33

For the left-handed 10 percent of the population, language is

Answer 33

most often shared between the hemispheres.

Question 34

between ages 2-6

Answer 34

the brain increases from 70 percent of its adult weight to 90 percent.

Question 35

Felicity and Samantha are identical twins. They are

Answer 35

more likely than ordinary siblings to differ in hand preference

Question 36

For most children,

Answer 36

the left hemisphere is especially active between 3 and 6 years and then levels off.

Question 37

Betwetting during the night is called _____?

Answer 37

nocturnal enuresis

Question 38

is the most common vision problem in middle childhood.

Answer 38

Myopia

Question 39

white matter

Answer 39

consists largely of myelinated nerve fibers.

Question 40

Jonathan, age 10, was born underweight because his mother smoked during pregnancy. Jonathan is at risk for

Answer 40

obesity

Question 41

dark matter

Answer 41

declines as synaptic pruning and death of surrounding neurons proceed.

Question 42

Chronic stress triggers __________, which, in turn, frequently induces a raging appetite and subsequent weight gain.

Answer 42

insulin resistance

Question 43

Which of the following is a cause of malocclusion?

Answer 43

crowding of permanent teeth

Question 44

Higher pubertal hormone levels are __________ linked to __________ moodiness.

Answer 44

modestly, greater

Question 45

Hormonal changes during puberty are initiated and regulated by the __________, a structure located near the __________.

Answer 45

hypothalamus; pituitary gland