Final Review Flashcards
(93 cards)
Lipids are ______ compounds that are soluble in organic solvents
non-polar (hydrophobic)
most membrane lipids are _____, having non polar end and a polar end
amphipathic
_______ consist of a hydrocarbon chain w/ a carboxylic acid at one end
fatty acids
double bonds in fatty acids usually have a ____ configuration
cis
in the family of glycerol, we have fatty acids and triglycerides. which is the largest in the family?
glycerophospholipd
what is the glycerol specific for second messages
phosphatidyl inositol
phospholipids have 2 big players in the second messenger pathway, what are they
phosphatidyl inositol (PI) pathway and the fact that arachidonic is stored in phospholipids and can be cleaved off this to start the inflammatory processes.
what position is arachidonic acid found in
SN2 position
the ______ due to the double bond gives cis conformation its bend and changes the ____ of lipids
kink
fluidity
______ are important for neurons. they myelinate axons
sphingolipids
sphingomyelin is important for the _____
-it is not important for the retina bc there are no myelinated nerves there
lens
what is the fluidity of a phospholipid determined by?
the fatty acid composition as well as other molecules such as cholestoerl.
how can you increase the fluidity?
- increase areas of unsaturated fatty acids
or - increase cholesterol
what kind of ring does cholestoerol have? what kind of branched hydrocarbon tail does it have?
rigid ring
short branched hydrocarbon tail
cholesterol is hydrophobic or hydrophillic?
that bitch is largely hydrophobic
cholesterol has one polar group called _____. making it amphipathic
hydroxyl
how do we get cholesterol?
we can make it if we dont get it in our diet
cholesterol maintains the unique characteristics of ________ and also steroidal building block for the ______ family
plasma membrane
corticosteroid family
there is LDL and HDL. which is good and bad
LDL is bad
HDL is good
how do lipids end up getting to the cells w/in the eye, expecially the outer and inner segments?
they have to be transported through the RPE via a lipid carrier (HDL or LDL-like)
what is the first lipid layer in the eye
the tear film
which cholesterol gets the lipids into the eye?
LDL
we have a ____ like system that moves lipids through the eye
HDL
where does vitamin A in your diet come frmo?
veggies