Flashcards in Final Review Deck (93)
Loading flashcards...
1
Lipids are ______ compounds that are soluble in organic solvents
non-polar (hydrophobic)
2
most membrane lipids are _____, having non polar end and a polar end
amphipathic
3
_______ consist of a hydrocarbon chain w/ a carboxylic acid at one end
fatty acids
4
double bonds in fatty acids usually have a ____ configuration
cis
5
in the family of glycerol, we have fatty acids and triglycerides. which is the largest in the family?
glycerophospholipd
6
what is the glycerol specific for second messages
phosphatidyl inositol
7
phospholipids have 2 big players in the second messenger pathway, what are they
phosphatidyl inositol (PI) pathway and the fact that arachidonic is stored in phospholipids and can be cleaved off this to start the inflammatory processes.
8
what position is arachidonic acid found in
SN2 position
9
the ______ due to the double bond gives cis conformation its bend and changes the ____ of lipids
kink
fluidity
10
______ are important for neurons. they myelinate axons
sphingolipids
11
sphingomyelin is important for the _____
-it is not important for the retina bc there are no myelinated nerves there
lens
12
what is the fluidity of a phospholipid determined by?
the fatty acid composition as well as other molecules such as cholestoerl.
13
how can you increase the fluidity?
1. increase areas of unsaturated fatty acids
or
2. increase cholesterol
14
what kind of ring does cholestoerol have? what kind of branched hydrocarbon tail does it have?
rigid ring
short branched hydrocarbon tail
15
cholesterol is hydrophobic or hydrophillic?
that bitch is largely hydrophobic
16
cholesterol has one polar group called _____. making it amphipathic
hydroxyl
17
how do we get cholesterol?
we can make it if we dont get it in our diet
18
cholesterol maintains the unique characteristics of ________ and also steroidal building block for the ______ family
plasma membrane
corticosteroid family
19
there is LDL and HDL. which is good and bad
LDL is bad
HDL is good
20
how do lipids end up getting to the cells w/in the eye, expecially the outer and inner segments?
they have to be transported through the RPE via a lipid carrier (HDL or LDL-like)
21
what is the first lipid layer in the eye
the tear film
22
which cholesterol gets the lipids into the eye?
LDL
23
we have a ____ like system that moves lipids through the eye
HDL
24
where does vitamin A in your diet come frmo?
veggies
25
how do eskimos get their vitamin A from? lol wtf
liver
26
a person who consumes plant material gets their vitamin A through ....
beta carotene
27
how does cholesterol get into your eye
it gets metabolized in the intestine, attaches to the chylomicron pathway, go through the lympathic system, goes to the liver, packages it w/ serum retinol binding protein.
28
can lipids move through the cellular system w/o a carrier function?
uhh fk no
29
what is formed in Stargardt
where does it come from? what is defective?
A2E
it comes from retinol (retinaldehyde).
the flipase is defective
30