Final (RNA Viruses) Flashcards
1
Q
Non-enveloped?
A
picorna, calici, reo, birna, astro
2
Q
dsRNA?
A
birna, reo
3
Q
What BSL level is Nipah Virus? Family?
A
BSL4; Paramyxo
4
Q
What family is TGE in pigs?
A
corona 1a
5
Q
Clinical signs of TGE?
A
villus atrophy -> diarrhea (smelly)
vomiting, bloat
6
Q
Porcine Endemic Diarrhea is in which family?
A
corona 1b
7
Q
What is another name for Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis?
A
Vomiting and Wasting Disease (corona 2a)
8
Q
Which coronavirus causes diarrhea in calves mostly in winter?
A
Bovine cornavirus (2a)
9
Q
Which coronavirus causes adult diarrhea in cattle and decrease in milk production?
A
Winter Dysentery
10
Q
What is the most obvious clinical sign of FIP?
A
ascites
11
Q
If there is a weak CMI to FIP infection, which form occurs?
A
wet (effusive) -> Ab increase the uptakes into macs for replication
12
Q
If there is an intermediate CMI response to FIP, which form occurs
A
dry -> granulomas, ocular, CNS
13
Q
Best test for FIP?
A
Rivalto effusion test (drop disappears = negative)
14
Q
Vaccine for FIP?
A
yes but not recommended
15
Q
Chicken producing eggs with soft shell, deformed. What virus?
A
Avian infectious bronchitis (corona 3)
16
Q
T/F you can give live avian infectious bronchitis vaccine to layers and breeders?
A
No, give them inactivated vaccine
17
Q
Another name for bovine torovirus
A
Breda virus
18
Q
What is unique about torovirus morphology?
A
doughnut shaped
19
Q
Main clinical sign of bovine torovirus?
A
another calf diarrhea
20
Q
Morphology of Calicivirus
A
32 “cups” on surface
21
Q
Important lesion for feline calicivirus?
A
oral ulcers
22
Q
Can FCV be fatal?
A
Yes there is a highly virulent strain (FCV-VSD) that is systemic and the current vaccine doesn’t cover
23
Q
What clinical sign might be indicative of FCV-VSD?
A
sloughing foot pads, ear crust, facial edema along with oral ulcers
24
Q
Is vesicular exanthema of swine present in US?
A
no
25
Which diseases are indistinguishable from vesicular exanthema?
FMD, swine vesicular disease, vesicular stomatitis
26
Which family is infectious bursal disease?
Birnaviridae
27
Survivors of infectious bursal disease have what problems?
depleted B cells so increased susceptibility to other pathogens
28
What happens to the bursa in infectious bursal disease?
swells, hemorrhages, atrophies (1/8 original size)
29
What causes the cytokine storm in infectious bursal disease?
indirect T cell activation and direct macrophage activation
30
What is indicative of bornaviridae?
Joest Degen eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies
31
Do you see neuron necrosis with borna?
no
32
What does borna cause?
encephalomyelitis in horses (fatal)
33
Morphology of astroviridae?
5 or 6 points, no envelope
34
Which cells does astro destroy?
M cells causing watery diarrhea (in sheep destroys mature enterocytes)
35
What are clinical signs of astro?
diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain
36
What is PrPc
normal protein made of alpha sheets
37
What is PrPsc
misfolded protein made mostly of beta sheets -> infective
38
T/F PrPsc is susceptible to proteases?
F: Prpc is
39
T/F You can acquired spongiform encephalopathy from a corneal transplat?
T
40
What are 3 signs of prions in the brain?
1. vacuolization (grey matter)
2. astroglial hypertrophy and proliferation
3. loss of neurons
41
T/F with prions you will see inflammation
FALSE
42
2 prion diseases?
Scrapie and Mad Cow
43
What is the first sign of Scrapie?
intense pruritus
44
T/F Sheep with pApA gene will show neuro signs before sAsA?
F: pA is a longer incubation than sA
| SIP gene
45
Two tests for diagnosis of Scrapie?
tonsilar biopsy and 3rd eyelid test
46
T/F pruritus is the first symptom of bovine spongiform encephalopathy?
F: no pruritus with Mad Cow
47
2 diseases in Flaviviridae genus Pestivirus?
BVDV and hog cholera/swine fever
48
Stargazing is a clinical sign of which virus?
BVDV in PI calves (along with hydraencephaly)
49
T/F the cytopathic strain has an uncleaved NS2-3 protein?
F: cleaved
50
What does the cytopathic BVDV cause?
repro and enteric issues
51
What happens when a pregnant cow gets BVDV 2-4 months into gestation?
PI calf
52
What happens when a preg cow gets BVDV 5-9 months gestation?
early: abortion
mid: deformed
late: normal
53
What is the primary site of infection for hog cholera?
tonsils
54
Clinical signs of hog cholera:
huddling together, cyanosis, diarrhea, *turkey egg kidneys, button ulcers
55
You see a pig goose stepping so you think...
hog cholera
56
Two diseases in Flaviviridae genus flavivirus?
West Nile, Louping Ill
57
Is Louping Ill zoonotic
yes
58
T/F most horses die from West Nile
F" most are asymptomatic
59
How is louping ill transmitted?
ixodes ricinus (transtadial)
60
What animals does louping ill infect ?
sheep and red grouse
61
What animal causes most cases of cattle rabies?
skunk
62
wildlife rabies reservoirs in US
fox, skunk, insectivorous bats
63
T/F sites that are closer to the head and more innervated are more dangerous for rabies?
T
64
T/F Dogs and cats are highly susceptible to rabies?
F: cats and cattle
65
T/F the dumb form is found in the limbic system?
F: furious form; dumb form is in neurocortex
66
T/F there are no gross lesions for rabies
T
67
When will you see rabies antibodies in the serum?
After neuro signs appear
68
3 phases of rabies
prodromal
furious (acute)
dumn (paralytic)
69
Negri bodies
rabies inclusion bodies (eosinophilic)
70
How do you test for rabies?
direct FAT
| isolate via intracerebral inoculation of mice
71
What genus is rabies?
lyssavirus
72
What genus is vesicular stomatitis?
vesiculovirus
73
T/F NJ serotype of Vesicular Stomatitis is most virulent
T
74
What is the first sign of vesicular stomatitis in cows and horses?
profuse salivation and fever
75
What is the first sign of vesicular stomatitis in pigs?
lameness
76
What disease is Rhabdoviridae genus ephermerovirus?
Bovine ephemeral fever (3 day sickness)
77
How is 3 day sickness transmitted
good ole mosquitoes
78
What is unique about bloodwork of an animal with bovine ephermeral fever?
neutrophilia with left shift, increased fibrinogen and decreased calcium
79
T/F paralysis due to bovine ephermeral fever is spastic
F: flaccid
80
3 diseases of Togaviridae genus alphavirus
EEEV, WEEV, VEEV
81
Where does EEEV replicate ?
neurons, vascular endothelium, glial cells
82
What does EEEV cause?
non suppurative encephalomyelitis
83
T/F EEEV is more virulent than WEEV?
T
84
What animals can amplify WEEV?
prairie dogs, rabbits (bird reservoir)
85
T/F in utero infection can occur with VEEV?
T
86
How are picornaviridae classified?
by stability at low pH
87
Can horses be infected with FMD?
no
88
What is a characteristic lesion of FMD in young calves (
tiger heart (myocardial failure and death)
89
Is there persistance of FMD in pigs?
no (pharynx of cattle and sheep)
90
What causes Hairy Panters?
endocrine damage due to FMD (anemia, diabetes, increased hair, heat intolerance)
91
What virus is Picornaviridae genus tremovirus?
avian encephalomyelitis (epidemic tremor)
92
What happens to eggs of chickens with epidemic tremor?
decreased number but no change in quality
93
Characteristic lesion of avian encephalomyelitis ?
central chromatolysis in medulla
94
Do layers with avian encephalomyelitis show neuro signs?
no, just drop in hatchability of eggs
95
What do you sample to isolate avian encephalomyelitis?
duodenum and brain
96
T/F epidemic tremor doesn't cause disease in other animals or people
T
97
Picornaviridae genus cardiovirus
encephalomyocarditis in pigs and elephants
98
What is the natural host for encephalomyocarditis?
rats
99
2 diseases in Reoviridae genus orbivirus
African Horse Sickness and Blue Tongue
100
Main reservoir for Blue Tongue?
cattle
101
How is Blue tongue transmitted?
culicoides
102
What animals does blue tongue infect?
sheep and deer
103
Can dogs get african horse sickness
yes
104
How is AHS serotyped?
OSP VP2
105
reservoir for AHS?
zebras
106
pulmonary form of AHS?
Dunkop
107
cardiac form of AHS?
Dikkop
108
Which form would have eyelid edema as a clinical sign?
Dikkop
109
How are rotaviruses classified?
VP6 protein in middle layer
110
Where do rotaviruses replicate
mature enterocytes of upper SI
111
What is the rotavirus endotoxin?
NSP4
112
How do you diagnose rotavirus infection?
PAGE
113
What disease is Reoviridae genus orthoreoviridae?
Avian reovirus
114
Clinical sign of avian reovirus?
swelling hocks and lameness
115
2 diseases in Arteriviridae
equine viral arteritis and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
116
Can mares carry equine viral arteritis?
No just stallions
117
Clinical signs of equine viral arteritis?
edema in hind limbs, urticaria, temporary infertility in stallions
118
Can equine viral arteritis cause abortion?
yes due to necrotizing myometritis and placental detachment
119
Other names for PRRS?
swine mystery disease, blue ear disease
120
Repro form of PRRS
late term abortions, umbilical cord lesions
121
respiratory form of PRRS
thumping, necrotizing pneumonia
122
What is the genus for Rift Valley Fever?
phlebovirus (Bunya)
123
What can trigger Rift Valley Fever?
heavy rains cause mosquito egg to hatch
124
What is the main lesion of Rift Valley Fever in sheep?
liver necrosis and nasal crust
125
T/F Rift Valley Fever is more severe in cattle than sheep?
F but both have high abortions
126
Why is Rift Valley Fever economically important?
causes 90-100% abortion in cattle and sheep
127
How is Akabane transmitted?
culicoides and mosquitoes
128
What genus is Akabane
orthobunyavirus
129
When do you test for Ab of Akabane?
in serum BEFORE colostrum ingestion
130
Does Akabane cause signs in adult animals?
no
131
Does Schmallenberg cause signs in adult animals?
yes, diarrhea and decreased milk production
| same fetal affects
132
What does Akabane and Schmallenberg cause in fetuses?
Arthrogryposis, hydraencephaly
