Paramyxoviridae

Question 1

What order do paramyxoviruses belong to?

Answer 1

Mononegavirales

Question 2

Viruses caused by paramyxoviruses:

Answer 2

rinderpest, canine distemper virus, Newcastle dz, Nipah, measles, mumps

Question 3

What is characteristic of the nucleocapsid?

Answer 3

herringbone shaped

Question 4

The genome consists of:

Answer 4

linear, negative sense, ssRNA

Question 5

Which genera have 6 genes?

Answer 5

respirovirus, avulavirus, henipavirus, morbilivirus

Question 6

Which genus has 7 genes

Answer 6

rubulavirus

Question 7

Which genus has 10 genes

Answer 7

pneumoviruses

Question 8

Which genus has 8 genes

Answer 8

metapneumoviruses

Question 9

How many glycoprotein spikes are on Paramyxoviruses

Answer 9

2 glycoproteins
F and G
F and HN
F and H

Question 10

Where do they replicate

Answer 10

cytoplasm

Question 11

Is nuclear function required for replication?

Answer 11

No: can take place in presence of actinomycin D or in enucleated cells

Question 12

Where does HN bind for rubula, respiro and avula?

Answer 12

sialic acid residue

Question 13

Where is the receptor for morbiliviruses?

Answer 13

CD150

Question 14

Where is the receptor for henipaviruses?

Answer 14

ephrin B2 and B3 cell surface proteins on endothelial cells or on brain steam neurons

Question 15

What is the receptor for pneumoviruses?

Answer 15

heparan sulfate

Question 16

What are the outcomes for replication of paramyxoviruses?

Answer 16

lysis of infected cells or formation of syncytia

Question 17

What is a unique feature of morbiliviruses?

Answer 17

acidophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies

Question 18

What genus of paramyxovirus causes Newcastle disease?

Answer 18

Avulavirus

APMV-1

Question 19

What are the 5 pathotypes of Avulaviruses?

Answer 19

viescerotropic velogenic, neurotropic velogenic, mesogenic, lentogenic or respiratory, and asymptomatic

Question 20

Do turkeys develop severe signs of Newcastle Dz?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Is Newcastle dz zoonotic?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

How is Newcastle dz transmitted?

Answer 22

direct contact via ingestion and inhalation of secretions of infected birds or fomites

Question 23

Which NDV pathotype is found in double-crested wild cormorants in US and Canada?

Answer 23

velogenic NDV

Question 24

T/F you can diagnose Newcastle Disease with clinical signs alone.

Answer 24

F

Question 25

T/F lentogenic strains cause severe disease

Answer 25

F: usually subclinical with mild respiratory dz

Question 26

Which strain causes acute respiratory disease but has low mortality?

Answer 26

mesogenic strains

Question 27

Which strains cause severe disease with high mortality?

Answer 27

velogenic strains

Question 28

What are the clinical signs of velogenic NDV?

Answer 28

watery diarrhea, dyspnea, tremors, torticollis, circling, ruffled feathers, drop in egg production

Question 29

T/F Birds that survive velogenic NDV may have complete cessation of egg production?

Answer 29

T: but almost 100% mortality in unvaccinated chickens

Question 30

How do you diagnose NDV?

Answer 30

virus isolation and ID | *no pathognomonic gross lesions

Question 31

Which is the only strain of NDV to have significant gross lesions ?

Answer 31

velogenic | swelling of head, degeneration of ovaries, hemorrhages or necrosis of respiratory/digestive lymhoid tissue

Question 32

How are vaccines administered for NDV?

Answer 32

live: lentogenic and mesogenic | drinking water, aerosol, intranasal, conjunctival

Question 33

Genome of Nipah virus?

Answer 33

enveloped, negative sense ssRNA

Question 34

Other names for Nipah virus?

Answer 34

barking pig syndrome, porcine respiratory and encephalitis syndrome, porcine respiratory and neurologic syndrome

Question 35

What genus of paramyxovirus causes Nipah virus?

Answer 35

henipavirus

Question 36

What is the reservoir for Nipah virus?

Answer 36

``` fruit bats (flying foxes) -> carry virus but not affected *found in urine and partially eaten fruit ```

Question 37

What are the clinical signs of Nipah virus in piglets

Answer 37

labored breathing and muscle tremors

Question 38

What are the clinical signs of Nipah virus in pigs 1-6 months old?

Answer 38

loud non-productive cough (barking, one mile cough), neuro signs, acute fever

Question 39

What are the clinical signs of Nipah virus in older pigs (> 6 months)?

Answer 39

open mouthed breaking, nasal discharge and sialorrhea(drooling),

Question 40

What BSL level is Nipah virus?

Answer 40

BSL4 agent

Question 41

How is the Nipah virus identified?

Answer 41

virus isolation | African green monkey kidney and rabbit kidney cells -> CPE in 3 days

Question 42

Are there vaccines for Nipah virus?

Answer 42

not yet

Question 43

T/F Nipah virus is a bioweapon?

Answer 43

T (CDC cat C)