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KC'S CLASS > FINALS- NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM > Flashcards

FINALS- NEUROLOGIC SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

is responsible for coordinating and regulating
all body functions.

A

Neurologic System

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2
Q

two structural components

A

-central nervous
system (CNS)
-peripheral nervous system.

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3
Q

it encompasses the brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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4
Q

three layers of connective tissue that protect and nourish the CNS

A

Meninges

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5
Q

is filled with
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is formed in the ventricles of the brain and flows
through the ventricles into the space.

A

Subarachnoid Space

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6
Q

What fluid is in the subarachnoid space

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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7
Q

Purpose of Fluid-Filled Space in the brain

A

-cushions the brain and
spinal cords
-nourishes the CNS
-removes waste materials.

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8
Q

True/False
The CNS contains upper motor neurons that influence lower motor
neurons, located mostly in the peripheral nervous system.

A

True

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9
Q

Where is the brain located

A

cranial cavity

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10
Q

4 divisions of the brain

A

-Cerebrum
-Diencephalon
-Brain Stem
-Cerebellum

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11
Q

The cerebrum is divided into

A

the right and left cerebral hemispheres

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12
Q

The cerebrum is divided into the right and left cerebral hemispheres, which are
joined by the

A

corpus callosum

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13
Q

Cerebrum

a bundle of nerve fibers responsible for
communication between the hemispheres.

A

Corpus Callosum

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14
Q

Cerebrum

they sends and receives
impulses from the opposite sides of the body and consists of four lobes (frontal,
parietal, temporal, and occipital).

A

each hemispheres

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15
Q

Cerebrum

mediates higher level functions such as memory, perception,
communication, and initiation of voluntary movements.

A

gray matter

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16
Q

Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres and Their Function

What are the 4 Lobes

A

-Frontal
-Parietal
-Occipital
-Temporal

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17
Q

Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres and Their Function

Directs voluntary, skeletal actions (left side of lobe controls right side of body
and right side of lobe controls left side of body). Also influences
communication (talking and writing), emotions, intellect, reasoning ability,
judgment, and behavior. Contains Broca area, which is responsible for
speech.

A

Frontal

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18
Q

Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres and Their Function

Interprets tactile sensations, including touch, pain, temperature, shapes, and
two-point discrimination.

A

Parietal

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19
Q

Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres and Their Function

Influences the ability to read with understanding and is the primary visual
receptor center.

A

Occipital

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20
Q

Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres and Their Function

Receives and interprets impulses from the ear. Contains Wernicke area, which
is responsible for interpreting auditory stimuli.

A

Temporal

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21
Q

lies beneath the cerebral hemispheres and consists of the thalamus
and hypothalamus.

A

Diencephalon

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22
Q

True/False
Most sensory impulses travel through the gray matter of the
thalamus

A

True

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23
Q

Diencephalon

is responsible for screening and directing the impulses to specific
areas in the cerebral cortex.

A

Thalamus

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24
Q

Diencephalon

part of the autonomic nervous
system, which is a part of the peripheral nervous system

A

Hypothalamus

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25
Q

Diencephalon

is responsible for
regulating many body functions, including water balance, appetite, vital signs
(temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rate), sleep cycles, pain
perception, and emotional status.

A

Hypothalamus

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26
Q

Located between the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord, consists of
mostly nerve fibers

A

Brain Stem

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27
Q

Three Parts of Brain Stem

A

-Midbrain
-Pons
-Medulla Oblongata

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28
Q

Brain Stem

serves as a relay center for ear and eye reflexes, and relays impulses
between the higher cerebral centers and the lower pons, medulla, cerebellum, and
spinal cord.

A

Midbrains

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29
Q

Brain Stem

links the cerebellum to the cerebrum and the midbrain to the
medulla. It is responsible for various reflex actions.

A

Pons

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30
Q

Brain Stem

contains the nuclei for cranial nerves, and has centers that control and regulate respiratory
function, heart rate and force, and blood pressure.

A

Medulla Oblongata

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31
Q

located behind the brain stem and under the cerebrum, also has two hemispheres.

A

Cerebellum

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32
Q

True/False

Cerebellum initiate movement

A

False

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33
Q

Functions of Cerebellum

A

its primary
functions include coordination and smoothing of voluntary movements,
maintenance of equilibrium, and maintenance of muscle tone.

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34
Q

Where is Spinal Cord Located

A

the vertebral canal and extends from the
medulla oblongata to the first lumbar vertebra.

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35
Q

True/False
Vertebral canal is longer than spinal cord

A

True

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36
Q

The inner part of the cord

A

has an H-shaped appearance
and is made up of two pairs of columns (dorsal and ventral) consisting of gray matter.

37
Q

The outer part of the cord

A

made up of white matter and surrounds the gray matter

38
Q

conducts sensory impulses up ascending tracts to the
brain, conducts motor impulses down descending tracts to neurons that stimulate
glands and muscles throughout the body, and is responsible for simple reflex activity.

A

Spinal Cord

39
Q

Reflex activity involves various neural structures. For example, the stretch
reflex—the simplest type of reflex arc—involves one sensory neuron (afferent), one
motor neuron (efferent), and one synapse. An example of this is the knee jerk, which
is elicited by tapping the patellar tendon. More complex reflexes involve three or
more neurons

A

BASAHIN MO ULIT

40
Q

Spinal Cord

A

-Brain
-Brain Stem {yung yellow sa may brain}
-Cervical Spine {1-8}
-Spinal Cord {Yellow na manipis}
-Thoracic Spine {T1-2}
-Lumbar Spine {L1-5}
-Sacral Nerves {S1-5}
-Spinal Nerve Coccyx

41
Q

Two Ascending Neural Pathways

A

-Spinothalamic tract
-Posterior Columns

42
Q

Neural Pathways

Sensations of pain, temperature, and crude and light touch travel by way of the

A

Spinothalamic Tract

43
Q

Neural Pathways

Sensations of position,
vibration, and fine touch travel by way of the

A

Posterior Columns

44
Q

2 Neural Impulses
Sensory/Motor

travel to the brain by way of two ascending neural pathways

A

Sensory

45
Q

2 Neural Impulses
Sensory/Motor

are conducted to the muscles by two descending neural pathways

A

Motor

46
Q

Two descending neural pathways

A

-the pyramidal
(corticospinal) tract
-extrapyramidal tract

47
Q

Neural Pathways

originate in the motor cortex and travel down to the medulla, where
they cross over to the opposite side, and then travel down the spinal cord, where
they synapse with a lower motor neuron in the anterior horn of the spinal cord

A

Pyramidal Tract

48
Q

These impulses are carried to muscles and produce voluntary movements that
involve skill and purpose.

A

Motor Impulse
-Pyramidal Tract

49
Q

Neural Pathways

consist of those
motor neurons that originate in the motor cortex, basal ganglia, brain stem, and
spinal cord outside the pyramidal tract. They travel from the frontal lobe to the pons,
where they cross over to the opposite side and down the spinal cord, where they
connect with lower motor neurons that conduct impulses to the muscles.

A

extrapyramidal tract motor neurons

50
Q

These
neurons conduct impulses related to maintenance of muscle tone and body control.

A

Motor impulse
-extrapyramidal tract motor neurons

51
Q

Carrying information to and from the CNS

A

Perpheral Nervouse System

52
Q

the peripheral nervous system consists
of __ pairs of cranial nerves and __ pairs of spinal nerves.

A

12 and 31

53
Q

Cranial Nerves and Spinal Nerves are
categorized as two types of fibers:

A

-Somatic
-Autonomic

54
Q

PNS

carry CNS impulses to voluntary skeletal muscles

A

Somatic Fibers

55
Q

PNS

carry CNS impulses
to smooth, involuntary muscles (in the heart and glands).

A

Autonomic Fibers

56
Q

PNS

mediates conscious, or voluntary, activities

A

somatic nervous
system

57
Q

PNS

mediates unconscious, or involuntary, activities.

A

autonomic nervous system

58
Q

“Some Say Marry
Money, But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More.”

A
59
Q

Oh,Oh,Oh To Touch And Feel A Girl’s Vagina Such Heaven

A

I (Olfactory)
II (Optic)
III (Oculomotor)
IV (Trochlear)
V (Trigeminal)
VI (Abducens)
VII (Facial)
VIII (Acoustic,
vestibulocochlear)
IX (Glossopharyngeal)
X (Vagus)
XI (Spinal accessory)
XII (Hypoglossal)

60
Q

Cranial Nerves

Carries smell impulses from nasal mucous
membrane to brain

A

I Olfactory

61
Q

Cranial Nerves

Carries visual impulses from eye to brain

A

II Optic

62
Q

Cranial Nerves

Contracts eye muscles to control eye
movements (interior lateral, medial, and
superior), constricts pupils, and elevates
eyelids

A

III (Oculomotor)

63
Q

Cranial Nerves

Contracts one eye muscle to control
inferomedial eye movement

A

IV (Trochlear)

64
Q

Cranial Nerves

Carries sensory impulses of pain, touch, and temperature from the face to the brain;
influences clenching and lateral jaw movements (biting, chewing)

A

V (Trigeminal)

65
Q

Cranial Nerves

Controls lateral eye movements

A

VI (Abducens)

66
Q

Cranial Nerves

Contains sensory fibers for taste on anterior
two thirds of tongue, and stimulates secretions from salivary glands (submaxillary and sublingual) and tears from lacrimal glands
AND
Supplies the facial muscles and affects facial expressions (smiling, frowning, closing eyes)

A

VII (Facial)

67
Q

Cranial Nerves

Contains sensory fibers for hearing and
balance

A

VIII (Acoustic,
vestibulocochlear)

68
Q

Cranial Nerves

Contains sensory fibers for taste on posterior
third of tongue and sensory fibers of the
pharynx that result in the gag reflex when
stimulated
AND
Provides secretory fibers to the parotid
salivary glands; promotes swallowing
movements

A

IX (Glossopharyngeal)

69
Q

Cranial Nerves

Carries sensations from the throat, larynx,
heart, lungs, bronchi, gastrointestinal tract,
and abdominal viscera; promotes swallowing, talking, and production of digestive juices

A

X (Vagus)

70
Q

Cranial Nerves

Innervates neck muscles (sternocleidomastoid
and trapezius) that promote movement of
the shoulders and head rotation; also
promotes some movement of the larynx

A

XI (Spinal accessory)

71
Q

Innervates tongue muscles that promote the movement of food and talking

A

XII (Hypoglossal)

72
Q

2 Nerve Roots

A

-Sensory{afferent} fiber
-Motor {Efferent} fiber

73
Q

fiber that enters through the dorsal (posterior)
roots of the cord;

A

Sensory afferent fiber

74
Q

fiber that exits through the ventral (anterior) roots of the cord.

A

Motor (efferent) fiber

75
Q

Spinal Nerves

Comprising _ cervical, _ thoracic, _ lumbar, _ sacral, and _ coccygeal nerves,

A

8 Cervical
12 Thoracic
5 Lumbar
5 Sacral
1 Coccygeal

76
Q

are carried by both cranial and spinal nerves.

A

Autonomic nervous system
impulses

77
Q

These impulses are carried from the CNS to the involuntary, smooth muscles that make up the walls of the
heart and glands.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

78
Q

which maintains the internal homeostasis of the body, incorporates the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.

A

The autonomic nervous system,

79
Q

ANS

(“fight or flight” system) is activated
during stress and elicits responses such as decreased gastric secretions, bronchiole
dilatation, increased pulse rate, and pupil dilatation.

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

80
Q

Where does sympathetic fibers arise

A

the thoracolumbar level (T1 to L2) of the spinal cord

81
Q

ANS

functions to restore and maintain normal body functions, for
example, by decreasing heart rate.

A

The parasympathetic
nervous system

82
Q

The parasympathetic fibers arise from

A

the craniosacral regions (S1 to S4 and cranial nerves III, VI, IX, and X).

83
Q

has neurologic effects, but the cause is vascular.

A

Cerebrovascular disease (CVD)

84
Q

A condition called “nerves” or “bad nerves” is more a mental condition than a
condition of the nerves.

A

yeah

85
Q

emotional disorder or mental breakdown

A

“crying spells;”

86
Q

(continuous, rapid
twitching of resting muscles)

A

Fasciculations

87
Q

(involuntary contraction of opposing groups of muscles)

A

Tremors

88
Q

sudden rapid, jerky voluntary and involuntary movements of limbs, trunk, or face)

A

Chorea

89
Q

(twisting, writhing, slow,
continuous movements)

A

Athetosis

KC'S CLASS (18 decks)

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