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finals part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

is a butterfly-shaped organ located in the base of your neck.

A

The thyroid gland

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2
Q

The thyroid gland is about HOW long and lies in front of your throat below the prominence of thyroid cartilage

A

about 2-inches long

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2
Q

It releases hormones that control metabolism.

A

The thyroid gland

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3
Q

The thyroid gland is about 2-inches long and lies in front of your throat below WHAT sometimes called the Adam’s apple.

A

below the prominence of thyroid cartilage

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4
Q

The thyroid gland is about 2-inches long and lies in WHAT below the prominence of thyroid cartilage sometimes called the Adam’s apple.

A

front of your throat

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5
Q

TWO FUNCTIONS OF THYROID

A

Produce hormones

Regulate in body for the metabolism

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5
Q

The thyroid gland is about 2-inches long and lies in front of your throat below the prominence of thyroid cartilage sometimes called WHAT

A

the Adam’s apple.

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5
Q

Often guided by ultrasound

A

fnab (thyroid)

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5
Q

Two diseases connected to thyroid gland:

A

hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism

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5
Q

is part of endocrine system and crucial role of thyroid when it comes to regulation of metabolism

A

Thyroid

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6
Q

Thyroid is part of endocrine system and crucial role of thyroid when it comes to WHAT

A

regulation of metabolism

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6
Q

Produce hormonesin thyroid producing in what

A

T4 and T3

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6
Q

Thyroid is part of WHAT and crucial role of thyroid when it comes to regulation of metabolism

A

endocrine system

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6
Q

is control by pituitary gland and its release TSH

A

Thyroid

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7
Q

Thyroid is control by WHAT

A

pituitary gland and its release TSH

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8
Q

This energy is used throughout your entire body to keep many of your many of your body’s systems working correctly

A

Metabolism

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9
Q

is a process where the food you take into your body is transformed into energy.

A

Metabolism

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10
Q

regulate of hormone production)

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

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11
Q

On TSH, before thyroid utz check the blood test if increase or decrease production of WHAT

A

T4, T3, and TSH

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12
Q

is a general term for a medical condition keeps the thyroid from making the right number of hormones.

A

Thyroid disease

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13
Q

When the thyroid makes too much thyroid hormone, the body uses energy too quickly. This is called WHAT

A

hyperthyroidism

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14
Q

typically makes hormones that keep the body functioning normally.

A

The thyroid

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15
Q

Patient who has hypothyroidism,IS WHAT

A

less or underactive thyroid release of hormones, not producing enough of hormones or slow release of thyroid hormones

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16
Q

Patients who hyperthyroidism, IS WHAT

A

overactive thyroid, happens when the thyroid produces too much or fast or many hormones produce

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17
is diagnostic procedure not therapeutic, evaluating the lump or nodule.
FNAB
18
is a test that samples a small amount of tissue from the thyroid with a very thin (or 'Fine') needle
A fine needle aspiration (FNA)
18
thyroid lump (also called a
'nodule').
18
REFER BY DOCTOR THIS FNAB THYROID PROCEDURE, INCLUDES;
Evaluate thyroid nodule to identify if benign or malignant Suspicious ultrasound features - Characterics are; irregular shape or borders - Microcalcification - Increased blood flow Family history or risk factor having a cancer Nodule size (more than 1 cm, candidate for fnab) Abnormal thyroid function test (blood test levels and correlate images and blood test) Monitor no nodule
19
The most common tests that show thyroid nodules are:
- Ultrasound of the neck - Computed tomography (CT) scanning that includes the neck or PET CT scanning of the whole body - Nuclear medicine scanning of the thyroid.
20
HOW DO A PATIENT PREPARE FOR A THYROID FNAB?
- BLOOD TEST - STOP MEDICATION FOR BLOOD THINNING - ADVICE THE PATIENT TO BRING PREVIOUS SCAN OR IMAGES
21
usually how any minutes of procedure in thyroid fnab?
10-15 mins procedure
22
An WHATmay be put on the neck to help reduce swelling and bleeding
ice pack
23
in tafter thyroid fnab Simple available pain pharmacy, medication from such the as WHAT, can be taken for this.
Panadol or Panadeine
24
Pain and swelling should be minimal after thyroid fnab hwo many hiurs
after 48 hours.
25
two reasonably common risks of thyroid fnab
- uncertain diagnosis, - bleeding at the site of the FNAB
26
The most common risk is an uncertain diagnosis, even after the tissue sample is looked at thoroughly by the pathologist. This happens up toWHAT
20% of the time.
27
The second most common risk is bleeding at the site of the FNAB. This happens to approximately WHAT and generally produces some local pain, tenderness and a lump.
1 in 10 people
28
after thyroid fnab, Simple pain medication available at the pharmacy WHAT is generally sufficient to help the pain and it settles with the swelling over a few days.
paracetamol
29
it is a fluid filled space that surrounds the lungs.
PLEURAL CAVITY
29
A FNAB is a WHAT procedure that can be carried out on an otherwise healthy person in a short time as a day procedure.
low-risk
29
PLEURAL CAVITY It is found in the WHAT, separating the lungs from its surrounding structures such as the thoracic cage and intercostal spaces, the mediastinum and the diaphragm.
thorax
30
PLEURAL CAVITY It is found in the thorax, separating the lungs from its surrounding structures such as the WHAT
thoracic cage and intercostal spaces, mediastinum and the diaphragm.
31
Pleural aspiration also called as
thoracentesis.
32
more on descriptive terms, describe what procedure.
Pleural aspiration
33
is a medical term or technical term which means using in hospital.
thoracentesis
34
is a medical procedure that uses this ro remove fluid that comes from pleural space.
Thoracentesis
34
The fluid inside the pleural cavity is to help WHAT
avoid friction that has a lubricant to smooth and to lessen the friction.
34
is a thin and fluid filled space between the two layers of pleura that surrounds each lung.
Pleural cavity
35
PURPOSE OF PLEURAL ASPIRATION
- To diagnose - To relieve symptoms
36
is a double layer membrane
Pleura
37
Pleura is a double layer membrane, which is WHAT ARE THOSE
visceral and parietal pleura.
38
attached directly to the lungs surface
Visceral pleura
39
inside the chest wall and diaphragm
Parietal pleura
40
located between the visceral and parietal pleura
Pleural cavity
41
Normally, WHAT are used to reduce the friction during breathing and help the lungs to expand and contract smoothly.
small amounts of lubricating fluid (milliliters)
42
occurs in the pleural space, which is the thin fluid-filled area in between the two pulmonary pleurae in the hurnan body.
Pleural disease
43
which is the thin fluid-filled area in between the two pulmonary pleurae in the hurnan body.
pleural space
44
There are several disorders and complications that can occur within the pleural area, and the surrounding tissues in the lung.
Pleural Effusion Pneumothorax Pleural Thickening Pleural Tumors Empyema
45
Buildup of excess fluid in pleural cavity
Pleural Effusion
46
Air in the pleural space and cause of collapse of the lungs of px
Pneumothorax
47
Benign (rare) or malignant (mesothelioma, link in asbestos)
Pleural Tumors
47
Scarring or fibrosis in pleura which may restrict of expanding of lungs
Pleural Thickening
48
Collect of pus in pleural space bc of infection
Empyema
49
pleural effusions Has many causes;
heart failure, pneumonia, cancer, tuberculosis, or liver or kidney disease
49
pleural effuions Symptoms;
difficult to breath, chest pain and prolonged cough
50
is a procedure where a small needle or tube is inserted into the space between the lung and chest wall to remove fluid that has accumulated around the lung.
A pleural aspiration
51
is usually carried out to determine why there is fluid around the lung (diagnostic procedure) or to improve symptoms (therapeutic procedure), as the fluid around the lung may be causing symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath or chest pain.
Pleural aspiration
52
Pleural aspiration is usually carried out to determine why there is fluid around the lung FOR WHAT PROEDURE
diagnostic procedure
53
Pleural aspiration is usually carried out to determine why there is fluid around the lung (diagnostic procedure) or to improve symptoms WHAT procedure), as the fluid around the lung may be causing symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath or chest pain.
therapeutic procedure
54
WHY PLEURAL ASPIRATION?
Diagnostic Purposes Therapeutic Purposes To guide further treatment
55
To Find out why building up fluid in pleural space, the fluid can be analyzed to check for infection, cancer cells, heart failure, or autoimmune disease or liver or kidney disease, help to identify the fluid and what are the causes.
Diagnostic Purposes
56
Relieve symptoms caused by too much fluid like shortness of breath, chest tightness of pain and cough Removing fluid can immediately improved the breath especially in high volume of fluid
Therapeutic Purposes
57
Check by the doctor the medical history especially of the px who has heart or lung condition, to check on the history bleeding problem, and to check the medication intake)
Medical Review
58
Result from pleural fluid analysis help the doctor to decide what next step (e.g. refer in oncology, antibiotic, place a chest drain)
To guide further treatment
59
HOW DO A PATIENT PREPARE FOR A PLEURAL ASPIRATION?
Medical Review Stop Certain Medications (if needed) Blood tests Imaging Fasting Bring a Companion
60
A pleural aspiration is carried out whilst the patient is WHAT
sitting upright on the side of a bed and leaning forward.
60
The skin of the chest is washed with WHAT and a very fine needle is used to administer local anesthetic.
antiseptic
61
If the area is painful, simple pain relievers for pleural aspiration, such as WHAT may be helpful.
paracetamol (e.g. Panadol)
62
A chest X-ray is usually carried out how an hours hours after the procedure and patient will require medical supervision until this occurs.
2-4 hours
63
WHAT ARE THE RISKS OF A PLEURAL ASPIRATION?
Pain or discomfort Bleeding Pneumothorax (Collapsed lungs) Infection Re-expansion Pulmonary Edema Coughing
64
A pleural aspiration can make the patient feel more comfortable, as the fluid around the lung may be causing symptoms including WHAT
shortness of breath, cough or chest pain.
65
Good luck!!
future rrt
66
KEY FEATURES OF FNAB
Quick and safe Often guide by ultrasound Requires little to no recovery time

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