midter part 2 Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
also called fulguration
A
Radiofrequency ablation,
2
Q
Radiofrequency ablation, also called
A
fulguration
3
Q
is a medical procedure in which part of the electrical conduction system of the heart, tumor or other dysfunctional tissue is ablated using the heat generated from medium frequency alternating current.
A
fulguration
4
Q
Radiofrequency ablation specifically for pain, is also called
A
rhizotomy
5
Q
it is a minimally invasive procedure that uses heat to reduce or stop the transmission of pain.
A
rhizotomy
6
Q
is a medical procedure specifically for treating in different condition not for use as diagnosis
A
Radiofrequency ablation
7
Q
RFA
Commonly used certain conditions such as
A
tumors, arrhythmia, or chronic pain usually chronic pain related to degenerative conditions (wear and tear).
7
Q
uses a electricity and high frequency to give a purpose
A
Radiofrequency ablation
7
Q
is used by heat generated from radiofrequency energy to destroy abnormal tissues.
A
RFA
7
Q
use for ablate the tissue conditions or destroy the condition or disease
A
fulguration
8
Q
2 TYPES OF RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION:
A
Fulguration
Rhizotomy
8
Q
use this for heat when it comes to pain, any kind of pain that related to nerve (e.g. back pain, spinal, neck pain)
A
Rhizotomy
9
Q
is a medical procedure wherein the part of electrical conduction system of heart or tumor or other dysfunctional tissue is ablated or destroyed using the heat generated from radiofrequency alternating current.
A
Fulguration
10
Q
automatically used to stop the transmission of pain or to reduce the transmission of pain. Specifically used for the treatment of pain (e.g. chronic pain, degenerative disorders, neck pain, trigeminal condition, anything related to pain etc.
A
Rhizotomy
11
Q
specifically use this term to destroyed tumor or to shrink disorder for cancer (e.g. liver, breast this is the primarily)
A
fulguration
12
Q
HOW DOES RFA WORK?
A
Energy Source
Heat Application
Treatment Areas
- cancerous tumors
- heart arrhythmias
- chronic pain
13
Q
is most commonly used to treat a spot of cancer that is causing problems such as pain or other discomfort
A
Radiofrequency ablation (fulguration)
14
Q
generally not used as the primary treatment for most cancers.
A
Radiofrequency ablation (fulguration)
15
Q
is a process of burning or destroying tissue using heat generated by electrical current.
A
Fulguration
16
Q
is a specific type of RFA this procedure is used to destroy the abnormal issue and this context is to treat tumors, precancerous lesions or other localize conditions (endometrial lesions or fibroids)
A
Fulguration
17
Q
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION IS COMMONLY USED:
A
RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION IS COMMONLY USED:
Urological treatments
Gastrointestinal and gynecological treatments
Cancer therapy
18
Q
ADVANTAGES OF FULGURATION
A
Precision
Minimally invasive
Outpatient
19
Q
WHO ARE THE PATIENTS THAT CAN UNDERGO IN RHIZOTOMY?
A
- trigeminal neuralgia
- spnal pain
pain in neck - cerbral palsy
20
Q
is a specific type of RFA that to treat chronic pain
A
Rhizotomy
21
is a condition in the facial nerve. It is a chronic pain. Finding a nerve that transmits pain in that area. Not for a long term after 6 months to 1 year can occur.
Trigeminal neuralgia
22
Radicular pain or radiate - other term for
sciatica (pelvis to feet)
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term for sciatica (pelvis to feet)
Radicular pain or radiate
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RISKS OF RHIZOTOMY:
Needle insertion have a chance of infection
Temporarily worsening of pain
Temporary numbness or weakness of affected area
25
The types of physicians who perform radiofrequency ablation includes:
Pain management specialists
Interventional Radiologist
Neurologist or Neurosurgeon
Orthopedic Surgeons
Physiatrists
26
has additional training when it comes to pain management or training interventional pain specialist, most common professional perform RFA
Pain management specialists - anesthesiologist,
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doctors that specialize when it comes minimally invasive that image guided procedure uses a advance inayung techniques Utz, ct scan and fluoroscopy
Interventional Radiologist
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other terms are physical medicine and rehabilitation physician. Doctors that specialize when it comes to procedures for chronic musculoskeletal pain particularly in the spine.
Physiatrists
29
DURING THE PROCEDURE OF RFA
PREPARE THE PATIENT
INSERT THE NEEDLE
DELIVER THE HEATING CURRENT
29
Patients may experience pain from the procedure for up to HOW MANY days, but this is generally due to the residual effects of the nerve ablation or muscle spasm.
up to 14 days
29
Before a RFA procedure to perform, healthcare providers identify if the RFA for the procedure, WHO mostly assess or review the medical history or perform diagnostic test to determine if the patient is a candidate for the RFA.
pain management specialist (anesthesiologist) or neurologis
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Patients are often up and around and back to work for HOW MANY hours after the procedure.
24 to 72 hours
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in some cases especially the patient deals with neurological conditions. Perform or supervise RFA procedure, expert in conditions that are related to the nervous system or nerve related pain or disorder.
Neurologist or Neurosurgeon
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Physiatrists - other terms are WHAT
physical medicine and rehabilitation physician
32
rfa prcodure pain relief is typically experienced within HOW MNY days, although relief may be immediate for some patients and take up to three weeks for others.
within 10 days
33
Pain relief is typically experienced within 10 days, although relief may be immediate for some patients and take up to HOW ANY weeks for others.
three weeks for others.
34
The complications reported in the literature includes:
Temporary increase in nerve pain
Neuritis
Neuroma
Localized numbness
Infection
Allergic reaction to medications used during the procedure, and/or lack of pain relief (in less than 30% of patients).
34
results of rfa: Pain relief may last from how any months or years?
Pain relief may last from 9 months to more than 2 years.
34
in rfa, . It is possible the nerve will regrow through the burned lesion that was created by radiofrequency ablation. If the nerve regrows, it is usually HOW MANY months after the procedure.
. 6-12 months
35
Radiofrequency ablation is how any percentage effective in people who have successful nerve blocks. The procedure can be repeated if needed.
70-80% effective
35
is relatively safe procedure with minimal risk of complications.
Radiofrequency nerve ablation
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are most often done to look for cancer.
Biopsies
36
is a sample of tissue taken from the body in order to examine it more closely.
A biopsy
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is getting a sample of tissue in area or body of patient in order to identify to examine it closely
Biopsy
36
TYPES OF BIOPSIES
CT-GUIDED BIOPSY
ULTRASOUND-GUIDED BIOPSY
BONE BIOPSY
BONE MARROW BIOPSY
LIVER BIOPSY
KIDNEY BIOPSY
ASPIRATION BIOPSY
PROSTATE BIOPSY
SKIN BIOPSY
SURGICAL BIOPSY
37
Tissue samples are analyzed under microscope and sometimes have additional tests to identify abnormalities especially ON WHAT
cellular or molecular level.
37
is a medical procedure wherein getting a small sample of tissue and then take out from the body for examination. Typically use to diagnose or to rule out disease like cancer, infections, and even inflammatory condition.
Biopsy
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Most commonly used type of biopsy, meaning using a needle to access the suspicious tissue
NEEDLE BIOPSY
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what biopsy Usually use this in abdomen, breasts, and thyroid
ULTRASOUND-GUIDED BIOPSY-
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patient rests in a CT-scanner, the scanner's images help doctors determine the exact position of the needle in the targeted tissue.
Basically, nakainsert ang needle and then shoot images to determine, ct easy to identify the position
CT-GUIDED BIOPSY
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used to look for cancer of the bones. This may be performed via the CT scan technique or by an orthopedic surgeon.
Use to look for a cancer in bone
BONE BIOPSY
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BONE MARROW BIOPSY - a large needle is used to enter the
pelvis bone to collect bone marrow .
42
Palpable by doctor and aspirated sample, put into the slide and given by the laboratory
Needle biopsy
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a large needle is used to enter the pelvis bone to collect bone marrow. This detects blood diseases such as leukemia or lymphoma.
BONE MARROW BIOPSY
44
LIVER BIOPSY - a needle is injected into the liver through the WHAT, capturing liver tissue.
through the skin on the belly
45
like a liver biopsy, a needle is injected through the skin on the back
KIDNEY BIOPSY
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a needle withdraws material out of a mass
ASPIRATION BIOPSY
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BONE MARROW BIOPSY - a large needle is used to enter the pelvis bone to collect bone marrow. This detects blood diseases such as
leukemia or lymphoma.
48
ASPIRATION BIOPSY - a needle withdraws material out of a mass. This simple procedure is also called WHAT
fine-needle aspiration.
49
multiple needle biopsies are taken at one time from the prostate gland. To reach the prostate, a probe is inserted into the rectum.
Accurate in rectum compare sa puson
PROSTATE BIOPSY
50
a punch biopsy is the main biopsy method. It uses a circular blade to get a cylindrical sample of skin tissue.
SKIN BIOPSY
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SKIN BIOPSY -a punch biopsy is the main biopsy method. It uses a WHAT to get a cylindrical sample of skin tissue.
circular blade
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either open or laparoscopic surgery may be necessary to obtain a biopsy of hard-to-reach tissue. Either a piece of tissue or the whole lump of tissue may be removed.
SURGICAL BIOPSY
53
Biopsies vary greatly according to how difficult the tissue is to obtain. The medical term for this is
"invasiveness."
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vary greatly according to how difficult the tissue is to obtain
Biopsies
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are doctors who specialize in diagnosing conditions based on tissue samples and other tests. (In some cases, the doctor collecting the sample can diagnose the condition.)
Pathologists
56
small mesh tubes that treat narrow or weak arteries.
Stenting-
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Angioplasty, also known as
BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY AND PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY
57
study of tissues.
Biopsies
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It is a minimally invasive endovascular procedure used to widen narrowed or obstructed arteries or veins, typically to treat arterial atherosclerosis
ANGIOPLASTY WITH STENTING
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also known as BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY AND PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY
Angioplasty
58
use a tiny balloon catheter and inserted in blocked blood vessel to help widen it and to improve blood flow to the heart
Angioplasty
59
BENEFITS OF IR:
Less expensive
Recovery time
59
dissolving blood clots.
Thrombolysis
59
repair or unblocking of blood vessels.
Angioplasty
60
used to reduce nerve pain
.
Radiofrequency ablation
60
block blood flow to cancer cells.
Embolization
61
Angioplasty combine with the placement of a small wire mesh tube that we called
stent
62
is also help to open the artery and decrease the chance of narrow again
Stent
63
Mostly the stents are coated with medication to help the artery to opened is a
drug eluting stent
64
what stent is Rarely used of doctors of
bare metal stent
65
Stents once coated with medication it has two purpose;
open artery and stock and decrease the chance of narrowing artery
66
Angioplasty can improve symptoms of
blocked arteries like chest pain, shortness of breath
67
also often used during a heart attack to quickly open the block arteries and to reduce the amount damage to the heart
Angioplasty
67
Angioplasty is a procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. These blood vessels are called the HWAT
he coronary arteries.
67
is a procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.
Angioplasty
68
Buildup is a type of heart disease called as
arteriosclerosis
69
is often placed during or immediately after angioplasty. It helps prevent the artery from closing up again.
A stent
69
medicine embedded in it that helps prevent the artery from closing in the long term.
A drug-eluting stent
70
is a tiny tube that a doctor can insert into a blocked passageway to keep it open.
stent
71
is a type of "soft" catheter with an inflatable "balloon" at its tip which is used during a catheterization procedure to enlarge a narrow opening or passage within the body.
balloon catheter
71
FACTORS ON WHAT TYPE OF BALLOON CATHETER SHOULD BE USED:
Identify the location of plaque or blockage
What part of the body should put
Comfortability used of what type of balloon catheter
72
high pressure, wherein typically made of polyester or nylon. It is used for application in ehic the ballon should expand to a specific diameter and exert high pressure to open a blockage dilate the vasculature
Non-compliant balloon
72
also called mid treasure. Commonly made of polyurethanes .
Semi-compliant balloon
73
They are used in applications which need a mid high pressure but want more compliance than a non-compliant balloon, and are much flexible to deliver
Semi-compliant balloon
74
Always used in angioplasty and also more flexible easy to deliver in blood vessels
Semi-compliant balloon
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another term for the elastomeric balloon that is typically made of polyurethane or silicone. They are inflated by volume rather than pressure. They are often used in applications that require the balloon to fully confirm or to occlude the anatomy.
Complaint balloon
75
Complaint balloon - another term
elastomeric balloon
76
THE MOST COMMON ANGIOPLASTY RISKS INCLUDE:
Re-narrowing of the artery
Blood clots
Bleeding
77
PREOPERATIVE MEDICATIONS OF ANGIOPLASTY :
Patient is placed on Aspirin
Patient should take medicine that prevents vasospasm
Patient should hold anticoagulant drugs like warfarin
Metformin (anti diabetic agent) should be discontinued
78
OTHER RARE RISKS OF ANGIOPLASTY INCLUDE:
Heart Attack
Coronary artery damage
Kidney problems
Stroke
Abnormal heart rhythms
79
Formation of blood clot inside a blood vessel obstructing the blood flow through the circulatory system.
Thrombolysis
79
Thrombolysis Formation of blood clot inside a blood vessel obstructing the blood flow through
circulatory system.
80
how many hours before the procedure in angioplasty
NPO for 6 to 8 hours before the procedure
80
the balloon is inflated to open the vessel and improve blood flow. It may be done with or without a metal mesh tube called a
stent
81
is also known as thrombolytic therapy.
Thrombolysis
81
Thrombolysis is also known as
thrombolytic therapy.
82
It is a treatment to dissolve dangerous blood clots in blood vessels, improve blood flow and prevent damage to tissues and organs.
Thrombolysis
83
uses a drugs to breakup or to dissolve the blood clots and we all known the blood clots is the main cause of both heart attacks and stroke
Thrombolytic therapy
83
Thrombolysis also involves injection of drugs or medicine through an
intravenous line or through catheter.
83
Medicine or drug is called to dissolve of clot in areas that has clot
clot busting drugs
84
is often used as an emergency treatment to dissolve the blood clots that form in arteries feeding the heart and the brain
Thrombolysis
84
the main cause of heart attack and stroke is WHAT
blood clots
84
ideally, the patient shall receive the thrombolytic medicine within HOW MANY minutes after arriving at the hospital for the treatment. Either, heart attack or strokes should give an early treatment to prevent other complications
within the first 30 minutes
85
USES OF THROMBOLYSIS
In Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) -
In Pulmonary Embolus
In Stroke
In Heart Attack
In Mesenteric Ischemia
86
2 TYPES OF ADMINISTRATION in thrombolysis
intravenous
catheter
87
If the doctor see that didn't work on those two types it can find other option is in thrombolysis
mechanical thrombectomy
87
uses a machine for guidance is ultrasound in thrombolysis
Mechanical thrombectomy
88
Thrombolysis may not be recommend for patient who use WHAT
blood thinning medication, dietary supplement or for people with certain condition associated with an increased risk of bleeding
88
may not be recommend for patient who use blood thinning medication, dietary supplement or for people with certain condition associated with an increased risk of bleeding
Thrombolysis
88
Thrombolysis may not be recommend for patient who use blood thinning medication, dietary supplement or for people with certain condition associated with an increased risk of bleeding and this condition includes;
serve high blood pressure
active bleeding or severe blood loss
patient who has hemorrhagic stroke from bleeding in the brain
severe kidney disease
recent surgery
88
Besides in serious internal bleeding, there are some possible risk that may encounter to patient;
- bruising
- bleeding at the access site
- damage at the blood vessel
- kidney damage (history of kidney disease
- Most dangerous: intracranial bleeding which is potentially fatal (less 1% experience this)
88
Patient who undergo thrombolysis have a small risk of infections less than a WHAThaving a risks that in infections
less than 1 in 1000
88
is a serious condition that occurs blood when a clot forms in a vein located deep inside the body. A blood clot is a clump of blood that's turned to a solid state.
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
88
typically form in the thigh or lower leg, but they can also develop in other areas of the body.
Deep vein blood clots
88
is a blood clot
Thrombus
89
is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries in the lungs.
Pulmonary embolism
89
is caused by blood clots that travel to the lungs from deep veins in the legs or, rarely, from veins in other parts of the body (deep vein thrombosis).
embolism
90
can safely and effectively improve the blood flow or relief or to eliminate symptoms in many patient without the need for more invasive surgery.
Thrombolysis
90
occurs when the blood supply to part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients.
A stroke
91
Brain cells begin to die in minutes. A medical emergency, and prompt treatment is crucial.
stroke
91
are caused when an artery is damaged by atherosclerosis.
arterial thrombosis
92
The risk factors for a blood clot in an artery include:
eating a high-fat diet.
93
Fatty deposits build up on the walls of the arteries and cause them to harden and narrow.
ARTERIAL THROMBOSIS
94
happens narrow or blocked artery restricted in blood flow to the small intestine, Decrease blood flow can permanent damage in small intestines
Mesenteric ischemia
95
Sudden loss of blood flow to the small intestines is called
sudden mesenteric ischemia
96
is a medical condition in which injury to the small intestine occurs due to not enough blood supply.
Mesenteric ischemia
97
Develops overtime it is called a
chronic mesenteric ischemia
98
If left untreated the chronic mesenteric ischemia can become acute or lead to WHAT
severe weight loss and malnutrition.
99
CAUSES OF BLOOD CLOT
Damage of blood vessels
Excessive clotting ability (Hypercoagulability)
Pooling of blood (Stasis)
Inherited causes of blood clot
Increase level of procoagulants
Decreased level of anticoagulant
Abnormal fibrinolysis
100
There are some symptoms of chronic mesenteric ischemia;
abdominal pain that start about 30 mins after eating and the pain worsen overtime or over an hour and the pain that goes away within 1-3 hours, this condition is worse over time
100
Causes of blood clot one major cause is
lifestyle or the way we eat;
100
is a test or measure the ventilation or breathing of patient and also check the prefusion or circulation of body the patient with that confirm pf any blood clot and identify if what specifically problem
VENTILATION PERFUSION
100
DIAGNOSIS OF BLOOD CLOT
ULTRASOUND
VENOGRAPHY
MRI
CT-SCAN
VENTILATION PERFUSION
100
is a procedure in which the x ray is produced of veins or picture of veins with the help of contrast media
VENOGRAPHY
101
The main risk of this procedure throbolysis
bleeding.
101
SPONTANEOUS BLEEDING CAN ALSO DEVELOP, INCLUDING:
Blood in the urine.
Nosebleed.
Bloody stools.
Unexpected or unusually heavy vaginal bleeding.
Brain bleed (stroke).
101
THERE ARE TWO WAYS CLOT-BUSTING AGENTS (LYTICS) CAN BE GIVEN:
Through a peripheral IV (systemic thrombolysis)
Through a catheter (thin tube) that has been navigated to the site of the clot.
101
thrombolysis: Approximately HOW MANY PERENT of treated patients will have a major bleed, while the risk of bleeding in the brain (stroke) is roughly HOW MANY PERCENT
5 and 1
102
SIDE EFFECTS of thrombolysis
Constipation
Coughing up blood
Vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds
Nosebleeds
Unexpected or unusually heavy vaginal bleeding
Dizziness
Sudden, severe, or constant headaches
Pain or swelling in the abdomen or stomach
Back pain or backache
Severe or constant muscle pain or stiffness
Swollen, or painful joints
102
There are some symptoms acute mesenteric ischemia;
fever, nausea, and vomiting
103
Good luck!!!
future rrt
104
in thrombolysis Will take some medicines like
Heparin and Warfarin
