midterm part 1 Flashcards by mad bxnny

refers to the practical use of IR techniques and procedures to diagnose, treat, or manage various medical conditions.

clinical application

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involves minimally invasive procedures guided by imaging techniques (such as X-rays, CT scans, ultrasound, and MRI) to target specific areas of the body for diagnosis or treatment.

Interventional radiology

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is a describing or refering in how to use knowledge and research and technique that use of healthcare professional to make it practice put into a setting in terms of diagnosing and treatment and to manage patient

clinical application

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involved applying scientific principles and medical research that put into a real world situation

Clinical application

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3 types of clinical application:

Clinical application of drug
Clinical application of diagnostic test
Clinical application of therapy

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refer in a way to healthcare professionals on how to use research, tools, and treatments in day-to-day patient care.

clinical applications

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CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY ENCOMPASS A WIDE RANGE OF PROCEDURES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO:

Vascular interventions
Oncology
Biliary interventions
Pain management
Urological procedures
Gastrointestinal interventions

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such as angioplasty, stent placement, and embolization to treat conditions like arterial blockages, aneurysms, or bleeding.
Focus on vessels, arteries and veins.

Vascular interventions

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CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY ENCOMPASS A WIDE RANGE OF PROCEDURES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO: for tumor ablation (e.g., radiofrequency ablation or microwave ablation), biopsy, and palliative treatments for cancers.
Related to cancer, tumor ablation shrinking tumor

Oncology

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CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY ENCOMPASS A WIDE RANGE OF PROCEDURES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO: such as biliary stenting for obstructed bile ducts or drainage of bile in conditions like cholangiocarcinoma.

Biliary interventions

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CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY ENCOMPASS A WIDE RANGE OF PROCEDURES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO: using techniques like nerve blocks or vertebroplasty to manage pain, particularly in conditions like chronic back pain or cancer-related pain.

Pain management

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CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY ENCOMPASS A WIDE RANGE OF PROCEDURES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO: such as nephrostomy tube placement, drainage of renal abscesses, or prostate artery embolization.

Urological procedures

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CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY ENCOMPASS A WIDE RANGE OF PROCEDURES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO: such as feeding tube placement (e.g., PEG tube), drainage of abscesses, or variceal embolization for portal hypertension.
Not to be discuss bc we more of procedures that use under radiology

Gastrointestinal interventions

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is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers

Angiography or arteriography

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helps the doctors to diagnose and to evaluate the conditions that related when it comes to blood flow, blockage, or abnormalities in blood vessels

Angiography

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TYPES OF ANGIOGRAPHY: involves injecting a contrast dye (usually iodine-based) into the blood vessels to make them visible on X-ray images.

X-ray Angiography (Conventional Angiography)

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TYPES OF ANGIOGRAPHY: Commonly used to assess coronary arteries (heart), peripheral arteries, and brain blood vessels.

X-ray Angiography (Conventional Angiography)

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TYPES OF ANGIOGRAPHY: uses a fluoroscopy to check on the blood vessels with contrast

X-ray Angiography (Conventional Angiography)

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TYPES OF ANGIOGRAPHY: A non-invasive method using a CT scan and a contrast dye to obtain detailed 3D images of blood vessels. It’s often used to look at arteries in the brain, heart, or limbs.

CT Angiography (CTA)

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TYPES OF ANGIOGRAPHY: uses in complicated cases or in some small parts of the body

CT Angiography (CTA)

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TYPES OF ANGIOGRAPHY: Similar to CTA, but uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) instead of X-rays to generate detailed images of blood vessels. It’s often used for vascular conditions in the brain and other parts of the body.

MR Angiography (MRA)

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TYPES OF ANGIOGRAPHY: A more advanced form of X-ray angiography that uses digital technology to subtract background images, providing clearer images of blood vessels.

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

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TYPES OF ANGIOGRAPHY: it’s commonly used in complex procedures such as embolization or stenting.

Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

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Clinical uses of angiography:

Diagnosing blockages or narrowing
Evaluating heart disease
For planning for surgery or intervention
Identifying vascular malformation
Assessing aneurysm

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abnormal connection of arteries and veins (blood vessels)

arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

is injected through the catheter, patient may feel warm, flushed and as though he need to pee for a few seconds after this is done.

A special dye (contrast agent)

are taken as the dye flows through the blood vessels.

A series of X-rays

It produces an image that can help the doctor find blockages or other abnormalities in the blood vessels of the head and neck.

cerebral angiography

can lead to a stroke or bleeding in the brain.

Blockages or abnormalities

is a specialized medical imaging technique and uses to visualize the blood vessel in brain

Cerebral angiography

It is primary used to diagnose and to evaluate the condition that affect cerebral arteries and veins like aneurysm, avm, stenosis and other vascular abnormalities

Cerebral angiography

Cerebral angiography can help diagnose:

- Aneurysm - Atherosclerosis - Arteriovenous malformation - Vasculitis, Brain tumors Blood clots Tears in the lining of an artery

detect the abnormal bulging of blood vessels in brian, which can lead to rupture and can cause hemorrhagic stroke

Aneurysm

buildup of plaque that narrows and that will risk ischemic stroke.

Atherosclerosis

identify of abnormal connection of blood vessels specifically arteries and veins and this may lead to bleeding and other complication

Arteriovenous malformation

inflammation of the blood vessels

Vasculitis

CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY MAY ALSO HELP THE DOCTOR FIGURE OUT THE CAUSE OF CERTAIN SYMPTOMS, INCLUDING:

stroke severe headaches loss of memory slurred speech dizziness blurred or double vision weakness or numbness loss of balance or coordination

Advantages of cerebral angiography:

1. High resolution images 2. Accuracy or accurate diagnosis 3. Guidance for the treatment

Cerebral angiography carries some rare but potentially serious risks. They include:

- stroke (if the catheter loosens plaque inside a blood vessel) - damage to the blood vessels, including puncturing an artery - blood clots, which can form around the catheter tip

RISKS AND CONSIDERATION: of cerebral angography

Allergic reaction - some patient allergy in contrast media (rare) Bleeding - there is a small insertion in catheter site Infection Radiation exposure

is an X-ray of the blood vessels that supply the lungs.

Pulmonary angiography

. It is used to find a blood clot, also called a WHAT, in these blood vessels.

pulmonary embolism

The pulmonary angiography procedure is often done by a specially trained healthcare provider called an

an interventional radiologist. Or it may be done by a cardiologist.

This type of test is rarely done.

PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY

is a specialized imaging technique that sees the blood vessels specifically in lungs.

Pulmonary angiography

The clinical application of pulmonary angiography:

- Pulmonary embolism - Vascular malformation - Pulmonary hypertension - Tumor vascularities - Post-surgical evaluation

This is a condition where the blood clot forms in legs and travels to lungs and blocks the pulmonary artery and prevents blood from reaching oarts of the lungs, that is why it is hard to breathe

Pulmonary embolism

considered as gold standard for diagnosing pulmonary embolism

pulmonary angiography

check by pulmonary angiography or assessing the hypertension by evaluating the condition of pulmonary arteries of the patient. Revealed by the sign of artery of getting thinner or other abnormalities

Pulmonary hypertension

patients have previously had lung surgery or has a pulmonary revascularization, evaluate the results of procedure and check if they have complications like stenosis and recurrence of the disease.

Post-surgical evaluation

Advantages of pulmonary angiography:

1. Accurately diagnosed 2. Detailed imaging 3. To guide treatment

WHEN IS A PULMONARY ANGIOGRAPHY USED?

- Potential pulmonary aneurysm clot or artery - Born with narrow blood vessels in and around the lungs, as this may manifest in heart issues and shortness of breath with activity.

POSSIBLE RISKS AND COMPLICATIONS

- Infection or bruising around the catheter insertion site - Problems because of X-ray dye, including allergic reaction or kidney damage - Damage to a blood vessel by the catheter - Pulmonary embolism because blood clots were released from blood vessel walls - Short-term abnormal heartbeats

Alternative imaging techniques of pulmonary angiography

CT pulmonary angiography

looks at the blood vessels in the belly (abdomen).

abdominal angiogram

It may be used to check blood flow to the organs of the abdomen, such as the liver and spleen.

abdominal angiogram

It may also be used to guide in the placement of medicine or other materials to treat cancer or bleeding in the abdomen.

abdominal angiogram

visualizes the blood vessels specifically in the abdomen area. Particularly the arteries and veins that supply organs such as liver l, kidneys, intestines, and spleen.

Abdominal angiography

The clinical application of abdominal angiography:

- Abdominal aneurysm - Mesenteric artery disease - Renal artery disease - Tumor vascularity - Trauma evaluation - Vascular malformation

wherein the abnormal bulges or dilated in the aorta area and it is life threatening, the aorta is the main blood vessel that supplies in the abdomen and lower body.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

assess the disease, wherein the arteries that supply blood in intestines and this can lead to ischemia or lack of blood flow in intestine and it may cause a pain to patient and digestive issue

Mesenteric artery disease

evaluate also the renal artery stenosis, narrowing the arteries leading to the kidneys that can lead to kidney dysfunction or patient has high blood pressure. To prevent that evaluate and give intervention to the patient

Renal artery disease

used to identify where the active bleeding occurs internally bleeding is life threatening and it may cause death.

Trauma evaluation

Advantages of abdominal angiography:

Detailed visualization Accurate diagnosis It also guides us for the treatment

THERE IS A RISK FOR COMPLICATIONS INVOLVING THE ABDOMEN. THESE INCLUDE:

Bleeding because of puncture of a blood vessel Injury to nerves Blood clot in the blood vessel Area of swelling caused by a buildup of blood Infection Organ damage

Risk and considerations of abdominal angiography:

Invasive Allergic reaction from contrast Bleeding/infection Radiation exposure

Alternative imaging techniques: to AA.

CT angiography Ultrasound, specifically in doppler ultrasound to examine the blood flow. Step by step before we conclude to AA, from ultrasound, CTA to AA.

PROBLEMS INCLUDE: in abdminal angigraphy

Aneurysms Stenosis or spasms of the blood vessel (vasospasm) A connection between the arteries and veins that isn't normal (arteriovenous malformation) A blood clot within a blood vessel or blockage of a blood vessel

It is a medical procedure in which a needle or catheter is inserted into the abdominal cavity to remove excess fluid.

PARACENTESIS

It is typically performed to relieve symptoms or to obtain a sample of the fluid for diagnostic purposes.

PARACENTESIS

FIRST REASON: for paracentesis

TO RELIEVE SYMPTOMS

THIS PROCEDURE IS COMMONLY USED TO TREAT CONDITIONS LIKE:

1 Ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen), which may be caused by liver cirrhosis, heart failure, cancer, or other diseases. 2. Peritonitis (infection of the abdominal cavity). 3. Diagnosing abdominal infections or cancers by analyzing the fluid for signs of infection or cancer cells.

(fluid buildup in the abdomen), which may be caused by liver cirrhosis, heart failure, cancer, or other diseases.

Ascites

Ascites (fluid buildup in the abdomen), which may be caused by

liver cirrhosis, heart failure, cancer, or other diseases.

infection of the abdominal cavity

Peritonitis

TYPES OF PARACENTESIS

Diagnostic Paracentesis Therapeutic Paracentesis

Fluid is removed to analyze it for infection, cancer, or other issues.

Diagnostic Paracentesis

Fluid is removed to relieve discomfort, such as in cases of ascites, where fluid buildup causes abdominal swelling and pain

Therapeutic Paracentesis

is a condition in which fluid collects In spaces within the abdomen.

Ascites

FIRST REASON OF ASCITES:

INFECTION

Fluid may also move into the chest and surround the lungs.

Ascites

is a medical procedure where a needle is used to drain fluid that is trapped in an internal body cavity, most commonly the abdomen (belly).

ascitic tap

Not other term of paracentesis

Ascitic tap

Same context, procedure and same principle of removing fluid

Ascitic tap

what - broader term (lungs, chest, abdomen) what - specifically for ascites

Paracentesis Ascitic tap

may be used to help determine the etiology of ascites, as well as to evaluate for infection or presence of cancer.

Ascitic fluid

HOW DOES A PATIENT PREPARE FOR AN ASCITIC TAP?

- Medical Assessment and History - Informed Consent - Fasting and Medication - Preparing the area - Local Anesthesia - Monitoring during the procedure

how many hours fasting before the procedure to reduce complication especially local anesthesia or sedation in ascitic tap

6-8 hours fasting

EFFECT OF THIS PROCEDURE TO OUR PATIENTS

- Therapeutic Effects - Diagnostic Benefits - Potential Complication and Risks - Post- Procedure Effects - Emotional and Psychological Impact - Long term Effects - Frequency of Procedure

from procedure of ascitic tap what are the underlying condition

cirrhosis, heart failure, infection, cancer

Potential Complication and Risks of ascitic tap

- Infection - Bleeding (small risks since puncture) - Injury to organs - Hypotension of blood pressure (if any volume) - Reaccumulation of fluid - Hernia formation (rare cases, underlying condition)

Post- Procedure Effects of ascitic tap procedure

- Discomfort of insertion site (mild soreness or ???) - Fluid loss or electrolyte imbalance - Risks of reduced accumulation fluid (diuretic)

HOW LONG DOES AN ASCITIC TAP TAKE? The whole procedure, including WHAT scanning to locate the fluid, setting up the instruments and placing the tube into position, can take between 15 to 30 minutes.

ultrasound scanning

HOW LONG DOES AN ASCITIC TAP TAKE? The whole procedure, including ultrasound scanning to locate the fluid, setting up the instruments and placing the tube into position, can take between how many minuutes

between 15 to 30 minutes.

Once the drain tube is in place, patient will have to wait for the fluid to drain. This may take from how any minute and hours, depending on the amount of fluid and how fast it drains.

5 minutes to several hours

This procedure is LOW RISK.

ascitic tap

Ascitic tap procedures are only carried out by specialist doctors, usually

radiologists.

There are usually two staff members in the room with the patient during the procedure: the who will carry out the procedure and who will help to look after the patient.

the doctor and the nurse

There are usually two staff members in the room with the patient during the procedure: the doctor who will carry out the procedure and the nurse who will help to look after the patient. Occasionally, WHO may be present to operate the machine.

sonographer

Positioning for ascitic tap

Positioning depends upright or supine or semi-prone

GOOD LUCK FUTURE RRT!!

fighting!!

midterm part 1 Flashcards

(101 cards)