FINALS01: LABORATORY

Question 1

Eliminates non-solid wastes from the body

Answer 1

EXCRETORY SYSTEM

Question 2

4 organs of Excretory System

Answer 2

Kidney, Ureters, Urinary bladder, and Urethra

Question 3

Are fist-sized and bean-shaped structures that filters blood to remove waste from the body

Answer 3

Kidney

Question 4

Tubes that carry urine from pelvis of the kidney to urinary bladder

Answer 4

Ureters

Question 5

Temporarily stores urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body

Answer 5

Urinary bladder

Question 6

Tube that carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Answer 6

Urethra

Question 7

Two layers of kidney

Answer 7

Medulla & Cortex

Question 7

What are the filtering units

Answer 7

Nephrons

Question 8

How many percent of blood is present in kidney

Answer 8

20%

Question 9

3 Excretions of kidneys

Answer 9

Urea, Uric acid, & Creatinine

Question 10

Waste product of muscle action

Answer 10

Creatinine

Question 10

Nitrogenous waste produced in the liver from breakdown of protein

Answer 10

Urea

Question 11

Usually produced from the breakdown of DNA or RNA

Answer 11

Uric acid

Question 12

3 Functions of Kidneys in maintaining Homeostasis

Answer 12

(1) Removes waste from blood
(2) Helps to maintain electrolytes, pH, and fluid balance
(3) Releases key hormones

Question 13

These are the filtering units in the kidneys, also clean and rebalance blood to produce urine

Answer 13

Neuphrons

Question 14

Enumerate 3 Processes in cleaning the blood

Answer 14

Filtration, Reabsorption, & Excretion

Question 15

What kind of process does water, electrolytes, amino acids, glucose, urea, and other small molecules diffuses out of the blood that creates filter?

Answer 15

FILTRATION

Question 16

What kind of process enters the rest of tubule and reabsorbed to blood?

Answer 16

REABSORPTION

Question 17

What kind of process where the remaining urine flows into a collecting duct that leads to the ureter?

Answer 17

EXCRETION

Question 18

Recipient and donor tissue must match and drugs prevent tissue rejection

Answer 18

KIDNEY TRANSPLANT

Question 19

Enumerate the 3 Disorders of Excretory System

Answer 19

UTI, Kidney Infections, & Kidney stones

Question 20

What does UTI means?

Answer 20

Urinary Tract Infections

Question 21

A type of disorders that includes painful urination burning sensations and has bloody or brown urine

Answer 21

Urinary Tract Infections or “UTI”

Question 22

What do you call a bladder that has become affected by UTI?

Answer 22

Cystitis

Question 23

What do you call if urethra is infected?

Answer 23

Urethritis

Question 24

2 most common crystals are?

Answer 24

Calcium oxalates & Uric acid

Question 24

Network of capillaries

Answer 24

Glomerus

Question 25

A type of disorders when an infection reaches kidneys and becomes known as "pyelonephritis", and its common cause is an infection anywhere in the body

Answer 25

Kidney Infections

Question 26

A type of disorder where crystals from the minerals formed in urine that can be found in kidney, ureter, or bladder. Its symptoms includes severe back or abdomen pain

Answer 26

Kidney Stones

Question 27

Encases the glomerus

Answer 27

Browman's capsule

Question 27

A network of organs that helps in digesting and absorb nutrition from food

Answer 27

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 28

5 Functions of Digestive System

Answer 28

Ingestion (2) Digestion (3) Absorption of nutrients into blood (4) Metabolism (5) Elimination

Question 29

Production of ATP in Digestive System

Answer 29

Metabolism

Question 30

2 Main Organ groups

Answer 30

Alimentary Canal & Accessory Digestive Organs

Question 31

6 continuous coiled hollow tube that belonmgs to Alimentary Canal

Answer 31

Mouth Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Large and small intestine Anus

Question 32

6 Accessory digestive organs

Answer 32

Tongue Teeth Salivary glands Gall bladder Liver Pancreas

Question 33

9 Parts included in Mouth (Oral Cavity) in digestive system

Answer 33

Lips, Cheeks, Hard Palate, Uvula, Vestibule, Oral cavity, Tongue, and Tonsils

Question 34

Protects the anterior opening

Answer 34

Lips or labia

Question 35

Forms the anterior roof

Answer 35

Hard Palate

Question 36

From the lateral walls

Answer 36

Cheeks

Question 37

From the posterior roof

Answer 37

Soft Palate

Question 38

Freshly projections of the soft palate

Answer 38

Uvula

Question 39

Space between lips and externally of gyms internally

Answer 39

Vestibules

Question 40

Area contained by teeth

Answer 40

Oral Cavity

Question 41

Attached at hyoid and styloid processes of the skull, and lingual frenulum

Answer 41

Tongue

Question 42

2 Types of tonsils

Answer 42

Palatine tonsils & Lingual tonsils

Question 43

3 Salivary Glands

Answer 43

Saliva, Secrete Salivary Amylase, & Parotid glands

Question 44

3 Processes occuring in the Mougth

Answer 44

(1) Mastication (2) Mixing with saliva (3) Swallowing by tongue (4) Sense of taste

Question 45

Producing glands

Answer 45

Saliva

Question 46

Begins the digestion of starches

Answer 46

Secrete Salivary Amylase

Question 47

Located anterior to ears

Answer 47

Parotid glands

Question 48

The role is to masticate (chew) food

Answer 48

Teeth

Question 49

How many teeth are fully formed by age 2 years old?

Answer 49

20

Question 50

Permanent teeth replace deciduous teeth beginning between what ages?

Answer 50

6 to 12

Question 51

3 Regions of Tooth

Answer 51

Crown, Neck, & Root

Question 52

Exposed region part of tooth

Answer 52

Crown

Question 53

Region in contact with gum and connects crown to root

Answer 53

Neck

Question 54

Periodontal membrane attached to the bone and carries blood vessels and nerves

Answer 54

Root

Question 56

3 Kinds of Pharynx

Answer 56

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, & Laryngopharynx

Question 57

It serves as a passageway for air and food

Answer 57

Pharynx

Question 58

2 muscle layers of Pharynx

Answer 58

(1) Longitudinal inner layer (2) Circular outer layer

Question 59

A pharynx that is not part of digestive system

Answer 59

Nasopharynx

Question 60

Posterior to oral cavity

Answer 60

Oropharynx

Question 61

Below the oropharynx and connected to esophagus

Answer 61

Laryngopharynx

Question 62

A part of the body that runs from pharynx to stomach through diaphragm, conducts food by peristalsis, and passageway for food

Answer 62

Esophagus

Question 63

5 layes of Alimentary Canal organs

Answer 63

1 Mucosa 2 Moist Membrane 3 Submucosa 4 Muscular Externa 5 Serosa

Question 64

Innermost layer and secretory and absorption layer

Answer 64

Mucosa

Question 65

Surface epithelium and small smooth muscle layer small connective tissue

Answer 65

Moist Membrane

Question 66

Beneath mucosa and a soft connective tissue with blood vessels

Answer 66

Submucosa

Question 67

Consists of two layers of smooth muscle

Answer 67

Muscular Externa

Question 68

Then what are the two layers of smooth muscle

Answer 68

Inner circular layer & Outer longitudinal layer

Question 69

Continuous with mesentery/mesocolon

Answer 69

Serosa

Question 70

Outermost layer of loose connective tissue is covered by what?

Answer 70

Visceral peritoneum

Question 71

Producing cells

Answer 71

Layer of serous fluid

Question 72

An organ that acts as a site of mechanical/chemical breakdown of protein and is located in left side of abdominal cavity

Answer 72

Stomach

Question 73

Enumerate the 4 regions of stomach

Answer 73

Cardiac region Fundus Body Phylorus

Question 74

Internal folds of mucosa

Answer 74

Rugae

Question 75

7 Stomach Functions (familliarize yourself)

Answer 75

- Acts as a storage tank for food - Site of food breakdown - Chemical breakdown of proteins begins - Delivers chime (processed food) to the intestine - Secretes gastric juices by gastric glands - Secretes mucous by mucus glands - Produces pepsom (breakdown of protein)

Question 76

Attaches the liver to the lesser curvature

Answer 76

Lesser Omentum

Question 77

Attaches to the greater curvature to the posterior body wall

Answer 77

Greater Omentum

Question 78

What intestines absorbs nutrients? Site of nutrition absorption

Answer 78

Small Intestine

Question 79

What intestine is connected to rectum?

Answer 79

Large Intestine

Question 80

Produces a sticky alkaline mucus

Answer 80

Mucous neck cells

Question 81

Secrete gastric juice

Answer 81

Gastric glands

Question 82

Produce protein-digesting enzymes (pepsinogens)

Answer 82

Chief cells

Question 83

Inactive from which has to be activated by HCI

Answer 83

Pepsinogens

Question 84

An active protein digesting enzyme

Answer 84

Pepsin

Question 85

Works on digesting milk protein

Answer 85

Rennin

Question 86

Fingerlike structures formed by mucosa

Answer 86

Villi

Question 87

Small projections of the plasma membrane and found on absorptive cells

Answer 87

Microvilli

Question 88

Folds of small intestine

Answer 88

Circular folds or Plicae circulares

Question 89

3 Subdivisions of Small Intestine

Answer 89

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum (DJI)

Question 90

Extends from jejunum to large intestine

Answer 90

ILEUM

Question 90

Attached to stomach and curves around the head of pancreas which secretes enzymes that breakdowns CHO, proteins, and nucleic acids

Answer 90

DUODENUM

Question 91

Attaches interiorly to duodenum

Answer 91

JEJUNUM

Question 92

What do you call to the major means of moving food?

Answer 92

Peristalsis

Question 93

It frames the internal abdomen and larger in diameter but shorter in small intestine

Answer 93

Large Intestine

Question 94

External opening of body

Answer 94

Anus

Question 95

Saclike first part of the large intestine

Answer 95

Cecum

Question 96

It occurs three to four times per day where the feces in rectum causes a defecation reflex

Answer 96

Propulsion in Large Intestine

Question 97

An organ that produces a wide spectrum of digestive enzymes that breakdown all categories of food

Answer 97

Pancreas

Question 98

Largest gland in the body that detoxifies blood of chemicals and produces bile, located on the right side of the body

Answer 98

Liver

Question 99

It is produced by liver and acts as an emulsifying agent used to breakdown fat to smaller fat molecules

Answer 99

Bile

Question 100

An organ which acts as an storage for biles from liver

Answer 100

Gall bladder

Question 101

Can cause blockages

Answer 101

Gallstones

Question 102

Substance used by the body for growth, maintenance, and repair

Answer 102

Nutrition

Question 103

Saturated fats from animal products

Answer 103

Lipids

Question 104

Contains all essential amino acids

Answer 104

Proteins

Question 105

Used as cofactors and act with enzymes which is found in all major food groups

Answer 105

Vitamins

Question 106

Plays many roles in the body

Answer 106

Minerals

Question 107

A chemical reaction necessary to maintain life

Answer 107

Metabolism

Question 108

Substances are broken down to simplier substances

Answer 108

Catabolism

Question 109

Larger molecules are built from smaller ones

Answer 109

Anabolism

Question 110

What is the major breakdown product and fuel to make ATP?

Answer 110

Glucose (blood sugar)

Question 111

Energizes a glucose molecule in order for it to split in two pyruvic acid and molecules yield in ATP

Answer 111

Glycolysis

Question 112

A cycle that produces all carbon dioxide and water resulting from cell respiration

Answer 112

Krebs Cycle