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HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY > MIDTERMS01: LECTURE > Flashcards

MIDTERMS01: LECTURE Flashcards

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1
Q

5 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEM

A

(1) Body support, (2) Organ protect, (3) Body movement, (4) Mineral storage, (5) Blood cell production

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2
Q

4 Components of Skeletal System

A

Bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

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3
Q

What is the 35% organic of bone?

A

Primarily collagen and proteoglycans

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4
Q

What is the 65% inorganic material of bone?

A

Primarily a calcium phosphate crystal called hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 - calcium

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5
Q

Responsible for the formations of bone and repair and remodeling of bone. (Young cell)

A

Osteoblast

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6
Q

Formation of new bones by osteoblast

A

Ossification

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7
Q

Cells that maintains bone matrix and form osteoblast after bone matrix surrounded it

A

Osteocytes

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8
Q

House within the bone matrix in spaces

A

Lacunae

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9
Q

Their cell extensions are housed in narrow, long soaced

A

Canaliculi

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10
Q

Bone destroying cells

A

Osteoclast

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11
Q

What is mature bone called?

A

Lamellae

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12
Q

A bone that has less matrix and more spaces within the bone

A

Spongy bone

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13
Q

Spongy bone consist of interconnecting rods or plates of bone called?

A

Trabeculae

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14
Q

The solid outer layer surrounding each bone

A

Compact bone

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15
Q

The center portion of bone which is composed of compact bone surrounding a hollow center called?

A

Diaphysis

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16
Q

surrounding a hollow center

A

Medullar cavity

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17
Q

Ends of long bone

A

Epiphyses

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18
Q

Spongy bone consist of interconnecting rods or plates of bones

A

Trabeculae

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19
Q

Cavities in spongy bone and the medullary cavity in the diaphysis are filled with what?

A

Soft tissue called Marrow

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20
Q

Outer surface of bone is covered by a connective tissue membrane called?

A

Periosteum

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21
Q

This starts within embryonic connective tissue membrane

A

Intramembranous ossification

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22
Q

Starts with a cartilage model

A

Endochondral ossification

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23
Q

How many bones does human body have?

A

206

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24
Q

Bones segregate into two:

A

Axial Skeleton and Appendicular Skeleton

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25
Consists of bones of the skull, the auditory ossicles, the hyoid bone, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage
Axial Skeleton
26
Bones that are approximately wide as they are long like wrist and ankle
Short Bones
27
Bones are longer than they are wide like upper and lower limb bones
Long Bones
28
Bone that is relatively thin, fattened shape examples are skull and sternum
Flat Bones
29
Bones include vertebrae and facial bones which have shapes that do not fit readily into other three categories
Irregular bones
30
The lower jawbone and the only movable skull bone
Mandible
31
Four bone shapes
Long, Short, Flat, Irregular
32
Medial surfaces of eye orbits
Lacrimal bones
33
Form bridge of nose
Nasal bones
34
Several of bones associated with the nasal cavity have large cavities within them
Paranasal sinuses
35
In midline of nasal cavity and forms nasal septum with the ethmoid bone
Vomer
36
Cheek bones, also form floor and lateral wall of each eye orbit
Zygomatic bones
37
Form posterior portion of hard palate, lateral wall of nasal cavity
Palatine bones
38
Forms the upper jaw, anterior portion of hard palate, part of lateral walls of nasal cavity, floors of eye orbits
Maxilla
39
An unpaired, u-shaped bone that is not part of skull and has no direct bony attachment to skull or any other bones
Hyoid bones
40
It curves anteriorly
Cervical region
41
It curves posteriorly
Thoracic region
42
It curves anteriorly
Lumbar region
43
Give the 4 paranasal sinuses
Frontal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, Maxillary
44
In adult it usually consist of __ individual bones, grouped into __ regions
26 & 5
45
Supports body weight and protects spinal cord
Vertebral Column
46
The centra; axis of skeleton, extending from the base of skull to slightly past the end of pelvis
Vertebral Column
47
What is the first vertebrae that holds head
Atlas
47
What is the second vertebrae that rotates head
Axis
48
How many cervical vertebrae?
7 (C1-C7)
49
How many thoracic vertebrae?
12 (T1-T12)
50
How many Lumbar vertebrae?
5 (L1-L5)
51
Not attached to sternum
Floating ribs
52
These are attached directly to sternum by cartilage
True ribs
53
These are indirectly attached to sternum by cartilage
False ribs
54
Protects vital organs and is 12 pair of ribs
Thoracic cage
55
Shoulder blade
Scapula
56
Collar bone
Clavicle
57
Upper portion of forelimb
Humerus
58
Thigh
Femur
59
Kneecap
Patella
60
Larger bone of leg
Tibia
61
Smaller bone of leg
Fibula
62
Ankle
Tarsals
62
Foot
Metatarsals
63
Inferior and posterior region of hip bone
Ischium
63
Most superior region of hip bone
Ilium
63
Toes and fingers
Phalanges
64
Hip socket (joint) of hip bone
Acetabulum
65
Includes pelvic gridle and coccynx
Pelvis
66
Two bones come together
Articulation (joints)
67
United by fibrous connective tissue
Fibrous joint
68
3 classification of joints
Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
69
United by means of cartilage
Cartilaginous
70
Joined by fluid cavity
Synovial
71
Slightly movable joint
Amphiarthrosis
72
Freely movable joint
Diarthrosis
73
Non-movable joint
Synarthrosis
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HUMAN ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, WITH PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (4 decks)

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