Fine Motor Development

Question 1

Components of hand function

Answer 1

Fine motor skills
Visual skills
Visual perception skills

Question 2

Fine motor skills

Answer 2

Patterns that require tactile proprioceptive and visual information

Question 3

Fine motor skills require what patterns:

Answer 3

Reach
Grasp
Carry
Release
In hand manipulation
Bilateral hand use

Question 4

Reach

Answer 4

Movement and stabilization of the arm and hand for the purpose of contacting an object with the hand

Question 5

Grasp

Answer 5

Attainment of an object with the hand

Question 6

Carry

Answer 6

Movement of the arm in space for the purpose of transporting a hand held object from 1 place to another

Question 7

Release

Answer 7

The intentional letting go of a hand held object at a specific time or place

Question 8

In hand manipulation

Answer 8

The adjustment of an object in the hand after grasp

Question 9

Bilateral hand use

Answer 9

The use of 2 hands working together to accomplish a task

Question 10

Visual skills

Answer 10

Ability to fixate on a stationary object

Ability to track a moving object

Question 11

Visual perception skills

Answer 11

Ability to recognize, discriminate, and process sensory info

Identification of shapes, orientation of objects in space, dimension

Question 12

Issues that influence hand function development

Answer 12

Coordination of fine motor skills and visual skills
Eye hand coordination
Cognitive development
Social development and culture
Sensory integration

Question 13

Eye hand coordination

Answer 13

Visual perceptual factors

Visual deficits

Question 14

Cognitive development

Answer 14

Attention factors

Cognitive deficit factors

Question 15

Social development and culture

Answer 15

SES factors

Gender factors

Question 16

Sensory integration

Answer 16

Lights in the room, temperature, hearing typing, feet on the floor and such
We have been sensorally desenitized

Question 17

Physical and motor issues in hand development

Answer 17

Integrity of the hand - congenital or traumatic abnormalities
ROM
Tone and movement patterns

Question 18

Development of the hand

Answer 18

Proximal to distal developmental progression
Palmar skills before finger control
Gross function before Fine
Ulnar before radial
Stability before mobility
Gross assym to generalized symm to voluntary to controlled asymm

Question 19

Development of hand function - Reach

Answer 19

Observed in non true form via reflexes
Begins to develop as visual regard develops
Mature reach occurs in conjunction with trunk and scapular control

Question 20

Development of hand function - Grasp

Answer 20

Initially dominated by hand reflexes
Traction response
Grasp Reflex
Avoiding reaction

Question 21

Traction response

Answer 21

flexion pattern with passive humeral abduction

0-5 months

Question 22

Grasp Reflex

Answer 22

Flexion of thumb and fingers with palmar stimuli

4 weeks - 5 months

Question 23

Avoiding reaction

Answer 23

Pronation or supination of hand away from stimuli on back of hand or on fingertips
0-7 years

Question 24

Power grasps

Answer 24

Prehension 
Power = fist
Hook = pick up suitcase with handle
Cylindrical = hold glass
Spherical = hold ball

Question 25

Precision grasps

Answer 25

Precision Lateral pinch Tip pinch Palmar pinch (two and three point)

Question 26

Development of grasp

Answer 26

Initial hand movements are dominated by reflex 5 months = palmar grasp develops 8-9 months = emergence of 3 point grasps

Question 27

In hand manipulation - transition

Answer 27

Movement of object from palm to fingers and fingers to palm Most basic Relies on finger flexion and extension and thumb movements

Question 28

In hand manipulation - shift

Answer 28

Movement of object btw or among fingers - turning pages in a book

Question 29

In hand manipulation - rotation

Answer 29

Multi axis movement like picking up a pen and placing it in position to write with

Question 30

In hand manipulation - necessary skills

Answer 30

``` Thumb stability Isolated finger movement Pliability of the palm (presence of arches) Wrist stability Forearm supination ```

Question 31

Carry

Answer 31

Requires combination and coordination of body movements and ability of the hand to stabilize an object

Question 32

Voluntary release

Answer 32

Requires coordination of mvmnt through entire UE Initially reflexive Further developed when infant brings objects to midline which facilitates transfer to other hand Strong presence by age 1 and will continue to develop

Question 33

Bilateral hand use - initial development pattern

Answer 33

Asymmetrical hand use = 0-3 months Symmetrical patterns = 3-10 months Differentiated hand movements = 10-18 months

Question 34

Bilateral hand use - advanced development pattern

Answer 34

18-24 months = begins to develop simultaneous manipulation skills 2-3 yrs = motor planning to refine simultaneous manipulation

Question 35

Hand dominance

Answer 35

Not stabilized until age of 7 | Cross dominance may be an indication of lack of maturation and differentiation of the cerebral hemispheres

Question 36

Necessary development abilities

Answer 36

``` Control of neck and eye movements Postural/trunk stability and balance Shoulder complex stability and mobility Elbow mobility Gross grasp Forearm sup/pron Individual finger manipulation ```

Question 37

4-7 years

Answer 37

Demonstrates hand dominance (by age 7)

Question 38

12-14 years

Answer 38

Full finger manipulation skills

Question 39

Assessment of fine motor skills

Answer 39

``` Vision ROM, Strength Balance and stability Sensory integration Specific tests - standardized ones ```

Question 40

Beery

Answer 40

2 to 18 years for visual motor integration

Question 41

Peabody

Answer 41

0 to 5 years for fine and gross motor skills

Question 42

Bruininks

Answer 42

4 to 21 years for fine and gross motor skills