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Semester 3 FS Exam 3 > Newborn > Flashcards

Newborn Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

How do we view motor development?

A

Chronological

Positional

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2
Q

Chronological view of motor development

A

Looks at multiple positions at different times in a baby/human life
Able to compare baby to typical development - age appropriate skills
Able to provide understanding of development

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3
Q

Positional view of motor development

A

Looking at how an individual positions mature through time and development
Allows us to look at quality of motion and the progress of that particular skill
How does an individual progress throughout the prone position over age
Able to provide understanding of development

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4
Q

What are theories of motor behavior

A

Assumptions about development/movement
Guides therapists in performing evaluation and interventions
Individual, task, environment

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5
Q

Reflexive and Hierarchial Theory

A

Top down control

Observed progression of development

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6
Q

Neuro-maturational theory

A

utilizing the ideas of reflex and hierarchical theory to explain infant development
Reflexes are typically thought of as a response to a stimulus - reflexes are now thought of as a role in development but not the sole determinant

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7
Q

Reflexive, Hierarchical, neuro-maturational are all based on the idea of

A

Neuro-facilitation

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8
Q

Theory of motor behavior - Task-oriented approach

A

Organized around behavioral goals

Less around neuro-facilitation

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9
Q

Movement observed after lesion based on remaining systems abilities =

A

Compensations

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10
Q

For task oriented approach it it Important to practice ____ rather than ___

A

Important to practice functional tasks rather than movement patterns for their own sake

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11
Q

Dynamic systems theory of motor behavior

A

Complex interactions

Incorporates multiple systems - body, environment, task and motivation

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12
Q

Factors impacting development

A

Genetic
CNS maturation
Environment
Anatomical (body type, mm fiber type, ROM, tone)

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13
Q

Typical vs. Normal development

A

Should use the word typical

There is a normal bell shaped curve

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14
Q

TYpical motor development begins with

A

Fetal development

Supported womb full term = 38-40 weeks, premature = 36 weeks or earlier

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15
Q

Unsupported womb

A

Placenta rupture, womb with alcohol in it..

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16
Q

Observed progression of development based in reflexive and hierarchical model

A

Cephalo-caudal
Prox - distal
Automatic - reflex - voluntary
Mass - isolated - integrated
Mobility - stability, controlled mobility - static dynamic - skill
Gross - fine
dominaed by gravity - control over gravity

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17
Q

Anti-gravity movement progression - start in

A 
physiological flexion and progress to anti-gravity extension
Physiological flexion
Active extension
Active balance btw flexors/extensors
Rotation - dynamic control
Transition occurs
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18
Q

Head control n prone

A

Healthy infant initially able to clear nose via rotation at birth
Begins with rotation that progresses toe xtension, balance btw flexors and extensors, and then dynamic head control

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19
Q

Equilibrium reactions

A

Bodies ability to maintain upright postiion against gravity
Starts by gaining head control
Trunk follows with elongation to lift body against gravity
Weight shift - named of position by side weight shifted towards

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20
Q

UE development begins with

A

Weight bearing
Shoulders begin in ext/add/IR/elbow flexion
As weight bear thorugh forearms and hands continues –> shoulders abduct and flex, pushing through forearms, development of movement in hands
Develops Protective Reactions in the UEs

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21
Q

Protective Reactions

A

like stepping reactions in legs but for the arms

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22
Q

Pelvic hip development and mobility/stability

A

Weight shifts caudally towards pelvis
Pelvis drops towards the floor - weight bearing through pelvis
Development of hip extension/ankle PF - antigravity

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23
Q

Reflexes =

A

Response of the body to a certain stimulus

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24
Q

Reflexes are typically either:

A

Present or Absent

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25
Reflexes - integrated
when a child uses it when needed/required as a survival skill
26
Reflexes - obligatory cs non obligatory
Obligatory - stuck in reflexive pattern that should be integrated
27
Why do we have reflexes
Adaptive and used for survival skills
28
Examples of reflexes - rooting and sucking
Rooting - stroke side of cheek and baby turn head - functional for eating Sucking reflex - also for eating
29
Reflexes also persist due to
Usefulness for skill Alter by adapting environment/sensory cues Lack of more mature pattern - slow/atypical development
30
Usefulness for skill - ATNR
ATNR - with cervical rotation, same side elbow extension, opp side flexion Present at birth Integrated 4-6 months
31
Alter by adapting environment/sensory cues
Flexor withdrawal - steps on tack, withdrawal with noxious stimulus Present at birth Integrated at around 2 months
32
Tonic/brainstem reflexes - Tonic Labyrinthine - TLR and ATLR
TLR = when head tilts back in supine the body extends, when head tilts forward in prone the body flexes Fully integrated at 6 months ATLR - in side lie - top leg flexes, bottom leg extends - assists with rolling
33
Tonic/brainstem reflexes - Tonic neck - ATNR and STNR
STNR - with cervical ext, arms extend while legs bend symmetrically With cervical flex, arms flex and legs ext symmetrically Present btw 6-8 months - becomes integrated when crawling is mastered
34
Tonic/brainstem reflexes - - protective support
Child is placed on their feet and is able to maintain LE extension - primitive maintains up through 6 months - some variability
35
What occurs when a TLR becomes obligatory
The individual is unable to perform antigravity motion
36
Spinal reflexes
Palmar grasp Plantar grasp Startle
37
Spinal reflexes - palmar grasp
Pressure on palm of hand Onset = birth Integrated at 3-6 months
38
Spinal reflexes - plantar grasp
Pressure on palm of foot Onset is 28 weeks gestation Integrated at 9 months
39
Spinal reflexes - Startle
Onset = birth and persists thereafter
40
Righting reactions
``` Optical Labyrinthine Neck on Body Body on Body Landau ```
41
Optical Righting Reaction
Child attempts to visually place visual view o the horizon
42
Labyrinthine Righting Reaction
Utilizes semi-circular canals for position
43
Neck on body righting reaction
Cervical rotation will eventually lead to body rotation
44
Body on body righting reaction
Flex legs up and across, body will follow
45
Landau righting reaction
airplane postiion - full extension in prone - see it start at 4 to 5 months Anti gravity movement as needed
46
Equilibrium reactions
Upright against gravity
47
Tilting reactions
the bodies attempt to stay upright on a dynamic surface
48
Protective responses/Support reactions
Extremity attempt to assist in maintaining upright posture - reach towards ground
49
Protective responses/Support reactions - UE
Develops progressively 1st = ant, comes at 4-6 months 2nd - lateral 3rd - post
50
Protective responses/Support reactions - LE
Stepping reactions
51
Functional skills of an infant - Newbron/Infant Organization
Self regulation for daily routines and attention Sleeping State = sleepy/drowsy; awake/alert, fussing crying - this needs to be in check for optimal learning
52
Functional skills of an infant - Newbron/Infant Organization - sleeping state to help it if off
Flexion/midline positioning is a base posture for task and calming in the neonate Rocking them, pacifier, swaddle them
53
Functional skills of an infant - Feeding/Communication Relationships
Impact of head and neck on feeding and speech | Head stability for eye tracking and speech
54
Functional skills of an infant - Exploration for learning - Eye hand for play and manipulation of toys
Shoulder girdle stability for play and reaching | Weight bearing through arms and hands assists in hand arch formation which progresses to fine motor control
55
Functional skills of an infant - Exploration for learning - Exploration
Upright pelvis to allow movement in sitting Balance of flexion/extension for stability Rotation - transitional movement/mobility
56
Characteristics of a newborn - appearance
Lanugo (hairy covering) Bowlegged Twitching
57
CHaracteristics of a newborn - physiologic flexion
Significant changes in the first 4 months
58
Other characterisitcs of a newborn
Random movements, some controlled by reflex | COmmunication - different cries, eye contact, may smile
59
Newborn - body position
Physiological flexion
60
Newborn prone - COM is shifted
Towards the head | Head turns toward side
61
Newborn prone UEs
Shoulders Ext IR and Add
62
Newborn prone LEs
Flexed hips, knees, and ankle DF
63
Newborn supine
Limited head control | May see slight rotation
64
Newborn supine UE
flexed | Jerky/tremors
65
Newborn supine LE
Flexed with ankle DF
66
Newbron supine skills
``` Head and hands to midline Some initial attempts at hand to mouth Some kicking Pull to sit - significant head lag Gravity begins to slowly take their body out of physiological flexion - passive extension ```
67
Newborn - sensory - visual
``` Optic tracts not full myelinated Sees best in dim light 8-12 in Prefers black and white Prefers patterns vs colors Horizontal tracking with head movement Will make eye contact ```
68
Newborn - sensory - visual - 3 day old can detect
Velocity and direction of a field of dots moving and alter head position
69
Newborn - sensory - taste
Myelination complete | Prefers sweet
70
Newborn - sensory - temperature
Will shiver and curl
71
Newborn - myelination - Tactile
complete
72
Newborn - myelination - Vestibular
Complete
73
Newborn - myelination - Smell
complete Recognize mothers scent at 1 week Will startle to strong odor at 55 hours
74
Newborn - myelination - auditory
``` not complete Responds to vibration Localizes sound at 10 min after birth Calms to high pitch voice Prefers music ```
75
Newborn - communication/social
Smile is initially reflexive early on | Social smile - 6 weeks

Semester 3 FS Exam 3 (7 decks)

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