Fire Development-Fire Dynamics Chap2

Question 1

Compartment fire development has four stages?
1

Answer 1

Incipient
Growth
Fully developed
Decay

IG Fucking Dicks

Question 2

T/F
Fires will pass through all four stages.
1

Answer 2

False
It is important to know that while most fires will pass through all four stages some fires may not.
Example Arson fire may begin in the Growth stage.
Also, some fires may pass through some stages more than one time example, A fire in the decay stage may redevelop into growth stage following Ventilation.

Question 3

What is the earliest stage of compartment fire development and begins with the actual ignition. 1.1.1.

Answer 3

Incipient stage
Radiant heat, warms the adjacent fuels and continues the process of
Pyrolysis

Question 4

In the ——— stage, there’s plenty of oxygen and fuel available to burn resulting in temperature in the room may only slightly increase. 1.1.2.

Answer 4

Incipient stage

Question 5

Incipient fires can be readily extinguished with the use of?
1.1.2

Answer 5

Proper fire extinguisher.

Question 6

It is essential to recognize that the transition from Incipient Fire into the growth stage —— depending on the type and configuration of fuel involved 1.1.2

Answer 6

Can occur quickly
Sometimes in seconds

Question 7

What stage is it?
The period that usually begins when the original fire spreads to additional materials. 1.2.

Answer 7

Growth stage

Question 8

What stage of a fire has plenty of oxygen and fuel available to burn? 1.2.2.

Answer 8

Growth stage
PS incipient stage is the same

Question 9

What stage of the fire do you have rollovers and flashover occur?
1.2.3

Answer 9

Growth stage

Question 10

After a compartment fire has flashed over, the fire that remains WITHIN the compartment which has flashed over is considered to be in the ——— stage. 1.3.1

Answer 10

Fully developed stage
( full room involvement)

Question 11

What stage is it when all available fuel is consumed or when the oxygen concentration falls below
—-% and flaming combustion is diminished. 1.4.

Answer 11

Decay stage
Fuel limited or ventilation limited
Falls below 15%.

Question 12

It is important to note the cause for any fire in the decay stage is because the fire is either? 1.4

Answer 12

Fuel limited
or
Ventilation limited

Question 13

What are 2 terms used to describe thermal layering of gases?
2.1.1

Answer 13

Heat stratification
Thermal balance

Question 14

Thermal layering inside a compartment fire is further broken down into two separate categories, which are? 2.1.2.

Answer 14

Upper layer
Lower layer

Question 15

T/F
The TIC can identify the thermal interface if the camera itself is positioned in the Lower layer looking at the upper layer. A camera held in the hot layer will not be able to see the thermal interface. 2.1.2.

Answer 15

True
(Lower to Upper)

Question 16

The boundary between the upper and lower layers which is represented by a sharp transition from the hot smoke in the upper layer to the cool ambient air of the lower layer is called? 2.4.1.

Answer 16

Thermal interface

Don’t confuse it with
interface height

Question 17

The vertical distance from the floor of the enclosure to the thermal interface is known as?
2.4.2

Answer 17

Interface height

Question 18

—————- ———— occurs when the flow through the opening flows in ONE direction only
(either into or out of the open)
2.5 point

Answer 18

Unidirectional flow

Question 19

——— ——- occurs when an opening act as both an inlet and outlet for flows at the same time
2.5.1

Answer 19

Bidirectional flow

Question 20

—— —— is the horizontal line along a window or door or other ventilation opening where no flow occurs due to the equality of internal or external pressures 2.5.2

Answer 20

Neutral plane

Question 21

The horizontal line between the inflow and outflow at a ventilation opening example at the plane where there is zero pressure difference and thus zero flow in or out of the opening is known as? 2.5.4.

Answer 21

Neutral plane

Question 22

The neutral plane is different from the thermal interface because the neutral plane only occurs at?
Page 2-8 Note

Answer 22

Ventilation opening

Question 23

Neutral plain indicates —— —— at an opening and may be used by firefighters outside the building to help determine the fire location within a building.
Page 2-8 Note

Answer 23

Pressure differences

Question 24

Thermal interface and interface height referred to the separation between the hot upper layer and the cool lower layer within compartment. Thermal interface, and the interface height indicate—— ——- (how much volume of a compartment is filled with heat). 2.5.5

Answer 24

Heat differences

Question 25

Thermal interface and interface height referred to the separation between the hot upper layer and the cool lower layer within a compartment. Thermal interface and the interface height indicate heat differences. It may be used by firefighters to identify how far the hot upper layer has banked down and the possibility of ——-. 2.5.5.

Answer 25

Flashover

Question 26

Smoke. Two of the most toxic gases are —— and ——— which are both chemical asphyxiants and are responsible for many fire deaths. 3.2.

Answer 26

Carbon monoxide Hydrogen cyanide

Question 27

Smoke. The combination of fire gases produced during combustion and present in smoke are flammable and contribute greatly to rapid fire development. For this reason firefighters shall consider smoke as? 3.3.

Answer 27

Additional fuel

Question 28

What are the five characteristics of smoke? 3.5

Answer 28

Volume Velocity Density Color Stratification DSC V V South Carolina does Very Very

Question 29

What is another word to describe smoke flow that is smooth? 3.5.2.

Answer 29

Laminar

Question 30

What are the two descriptions of smoke flow 3.5.2

Answer 30

Laminar ( smooth) Turbulent

Question 31

Smoke flow can be either laminar or turbulent based on two things? 3.5.2.

Answer 31

Velocity and temperature

Question 32

Cooler smoke appears to flow ——-. 3.5.2

Answer 32

Smoother

Question 33

Hotter smoke will appear to boil and move quickly upwards in a —— fashion. 3.5.2.

Answer 33

Turbulent

Question 34

Turbulent smoke indicates? 3.5.2 a.

Answer 34

Extreme heat

Question 35

Laminar smoke indicates? 3.5.2 B.

Answer 35

Low heat Either because it’s small fire or the smoke is remote from the fire and has cooled

Question 36

Smoke density. A large fire which is severely ventilation limited, will produce? 3.5.3

Answer 36

Large volumes of thick, dense smoke.

Question 37

Smoke density Dense smoke can indicate the fire is a 3.5.3

Answer 37

Ventilation- limited fire

Question 38

The 4 colors of smoke are? 3.5.4.

Answer 38

Black Brown Grey White ACRO Brown Bear Gets Wet

Question 39

Black dark smoke indicates ———— conditions, due to restricted air supply ventilation limited. 3.5.4.

Answer 39

Fuel rich PS when flaming or smoldering combustion occurs the carbon in the fuel is released as soot in the smoke, resulting in a very dark color.

Question 40

Brown smoke can indicate the early stages of ——- of timber products. 3.5.4

Answer 40

Pyrolysis

Question 41

Brown smoke color. In a wood framed building, the presence of brown smoke may indicate? 3.5.4.

Answer 41

That the structure is involved

Question 42

Grey smoke indicates that at least some flaming —— or —— is present. 3.5.4

Answer 42

Combustion or smoldering combustion

Question 43

In a building issuing dark smoke from some areas and gray smoke from other areas, usually the areas with gray smoke are? 3.5.4.

Answer 43

Remote from the fire

Question 44

Application of water to a large fire will generate large amounts of steam, which can mix with smoke and create condensation that gives the appearance of? 3.5.4.

Answer 44

White smoke

Question 45

T/F White smoke has a very low fuel content . 3.5.4

Answer 45

False White smoke can have a very high fuel content (white ghost) , represents a significant danger, and should never be treated lightly. When white smoke mixes with oxygen and finds an ignition source there is a potential for a very sudden and powerful ignition.

Question 46

Smoke Stratification. A high interface could indicate the fire is in ——— stages of development or that you are remote from the fire area. 3.5.5 B1.

Answer 46

Early

Question 47

Smoke stratification A sudden rise in the interface could indicate that? 3.5.5 B2.

Answer 47

Ventilation has occurred

Question 48

Smoke stratification. Gradual, lowering of the interface often indicates a buildup of hot fire gases, a situation that could progress to? 3.5.5.

Answer 48

Rollover AND flashover if left uncontrolled

Question 49

Smoke stratification. A sudden —— of the interface could indicate a rapid intensification of the fire. 3.5.5.

Answer 49

Lowering

Question 50

Smoke stratification. A neutral plane that is at or near floor level may indicate? 3.5.5 B5.

Answer 50

The fire is on a floor below.

Question 51

Flow path management. The shape and position of the smoke air track at a vent opening can be an important indicator of? 4.3.

Answer 51

Intensity of the fire

Question 52

T/F Velocity and direction Smoke or flame being discharged from the entire ventilation opening (neutral plain visible) usually indicates that it is an outlet and that there is at least one inlet located somewhere else in the structure. 4.4.2.

Answer 52

False NO neutral plain visible