First Aid 2014-Oncology

Question 1

Which phase of cell cycle does bleomycin affect?

Answer 1

G2

Question 2

Which phase of cell cycle does vinblastin affect?

Answer 2

Mitosis

Question 3

Which phase of cell cycle does Etoposide affect?

Answer 3

G2

S

Question 4

Which phase of cell cycle does MTX affect?

Answer 4

S

Question 5

What is the mechanism of MTX?

Answer 5

Inhibit Dihydrofolate reductase

Decrease in DNA and Protein synthesis

Question 6

What is the side effect of MTX that could be reversed?

Answer 6

Myelosuppression

reversed with Leucovorin

Question 7

What are the side effects of MTX?

Answer 7

Myelosuppression
Macrovesicular fatty hange in liver
Mucositis
Teratogenic

Question 8

What is the mechanism of 5FU?

Answer 8

Pyrimidine analog that inhibit thymidylate synthase and decrease DNA and Protein Synthesis

Question 9

What is the side effect of 5FU?

Answer 9

Myelosuppression reverse with uridine

Photosensitivity

Question 10

What is the mechanism of cytarabine?

Side effect?

Answer 10

Pyrimidine analog that inhibits DNA Polymerase

Pancytopenia

Question 11

What is the mechanism of Azathioprine or 6MP or 6TG?

Answer 11

Purine analogs that decrese de novo purin synthesis

Question 12

What is the site of toxicity of Azathioprine or 6MP or 6TG?

Answer 12

Bone Marrow
GI
Liver

Question 13

What is the mechanism of Dactinomycin?

Answer 13

Intercalates in DNA

Question 14

What is the mechanism of Doxorubicin?

Answer 14

generate free radicals

Intercalates in DNA

Question 15

What is the side effect of Doxorubicin?

How to prevent?

Answer 15

Dilated cardiomyopathy- prevent by dexrazoxane
Myelosuppression
Alopecia
Toxic to tissues following extravasation

Question 16

What is the mechanism of Bleomycin?

Answer 16

Induces free radical formation that causes breaks in DNA Strands

Question 17

What are the side effects of Bleomycin?

Answer 17

Pulmonary fibrosis
Skin Changes
Mucositis
Minimal Myelosuppression

Question 18

What is the mechanism of cyclophosphamide?

Answer 18

covalently X-link (interstrand) DNA at guanine N7

Require bioactivation by liver

Question 19

What are the mechanisms of Nitrosureas like Carmustine, Streptozocin? Side effects?

Answer 19

Cross links DNA
Require bioactivation
Cross BBB

CNS Toxicity: Convulsion, dizziness, ataxia

Question 20

What is the mechanism of Busulfan? When does it use?

Answer 20

Cross links DNA
CML
Ablation of BM before BM transplant

Question 21

What are the mechanism of Vincristine?

Answer 21

Bind beta-Tubulin

Microtubule inhibitors

Question 22

What is the side effect of vincristine?

Answer 22

Neurotoxicity: areflexia, peripheral neuritis

Paralytic ileus

Question 23

what is the mechanism of paclitaxel?

Answer 23

Hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules in M pahse

Question 24

What is the mechanism of cisplatin?

Answer 24

Cross link DNA

Question 25

What is the side effects of cisplatin? How to prevent?

Answer 25

Nephrotoxicity (Prevent with Amifostine) | acoustic nerve damage

Question 26

What is the mechanism of Etoposide, teniposide?

Answer 26

inhibit topoisomerase 2 Increase DNA Degradation Effective on S and G2 Phase

Question 27

What is the mechanism of Irinotecan, Topotecan?

Answer 27

Inhibit topoisomerase 1 and prevent DNA unwinding and replication

Question 28

What is the mechanism of Hydroxyurea?

Answer 28

Inhibit ribonucleotide reductase and decrease DNA Synthesis

Question 29

What is the mechanism of Tamoxifen?

Answer 29

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) Receptor antagonists in breast Receptor Agonists in Bone Block the binding of estrogen to ER + Cells

Question 30

What is the mechanism of Vemurafenib?

Answer 30

Small molecule inhibitor of forms of the B-Raf Kinase with the V600E Mutation

Question 31

What is the mechanism of Leflunomide?

Answer 31

Inhibits dihydroorotate dehydrogenase

Question 32

What is the mechanism of Mycophenolate and Ribavirin?

Answer 32

Inhibit IMP dehydrogenase